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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fast viral evolution is due to:
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Fast generation time
high rate of mutation large amount of progeny |
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Greatest fitness
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mutation rate approaches error threshold
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error threshold
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mathematical measurement of the genetic information that must be maintained to ensure survival of the
population. |
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quasispecies
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virus populations as dynamic distributions of nonidentical but related progenies
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fitness
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the replicative adaptability of a virus to its environment
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fundamental properties of viruses
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genome size and composition
mutations in cis acting factor required for replication, mRNA synthesis, packaging of genomes will decrease fitness requirement for direct or indirect interactions modulation of a broad spectrum of host defenses |
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two pathways of virus evolution
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co-evolution with single host species
infection of multiple host species |
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how does resurging viruses come about
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development of resistance to vaccines or antiviral drugs
breakdown of public health measures for previously controlled infections |
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how does new viral diseases emerge
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evolution of new organisms
spread of known viruses to new geographical areas infections in people living in areas undergoing ecological change |
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four host-virus interactions
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resistant, evolving, dead end, stable
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virological latency of of HIV
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resting CD4+ memory cells carry provirus
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clinical latency of HIV
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no or minor symptoms but viral replication actively continues in lymphoid tissues
a decrease in detectable viremia CD8+ T cells that control the infection |
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later symptoms of AIDS
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large lymph nodes or swollen glands
lack of energy weight loss short-term memory loss |
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challenges in developing a vaccine for HIV
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HIV integrates
HIV hyper-variability HIV suppresses and kills cells of immune system relevant animal model lacking |
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drugs to treat HIV
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RT inhibitors
protease inhibitors fusion inhibitors |
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characteristics of influenza different from the seasonal flu
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people under 24
transmissible in both warm and cold weather affects the gastrointestinal tract as well as respiratory system |
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HPAI viruses
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highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses
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