Ap Gov Unit 1 Vocab Quiz Part Ii

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Block grant

Back 1

Broad grant with few strings attached; given states by the federal government for specified activities, such as secondary education or health services.

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Categorical grant

Back 2

Grant for which Congress appropriates funds for a specific purpose.

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Concurrent powers

Back 3

Authority possessed by both the state and national governments that may be exercised concurrently as long as that power is not exclusively within the scope of national power or in conflict with national law.

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Cooperative federalism

Back 4

The relationship between the national and state governments that begin with the New Deal.

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Devolution/New federalism

Back 5

Federal/state relationship proposed by Reagan administration during the 1980s; hallmark is returning administrative powers to the state governments.

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Dual federalism

Back 6

The belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of government is the best arrangement.

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Federalism

Back 7

The philosophy that describes the governmental system created by the framers; see also federal system.

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Federal system

Back 8

System of government where the national government and state governments derive all authority from the people.

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Full Faith and Credit Clause (Article IV)

Back 9

Portion of Article IV of the Constitution that ensures judicial decrees in contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state.

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Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

Back 10

The Court upheld broad congressional power over interstate commerce. The Court's broad interpretation of the Constitution's Commerce Clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers.

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Grant-in-Aid

Back 11

Money paid by one level of government to another. Grants-in-aid provide a method to redistribute income thus removing gross inequality among states and its citizens.

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Interstate commerce

Back 12

Commerce between states.

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Intrastate commerce

Back 13

Commerce within a state.

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McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Back 14

The Supreme Court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of a state to tax the bank. The Court's broad interpretation of the Necessary and Proper Clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers.

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Privileges and immunities clause

Back 15

Part of Article IV of the Constitution guaranteeing that the citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of all other states.

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Reserved powers

Back 16

Powers reserved to the states by the 10th amendment that lie at the foundation of a state's right to legislate for the public health and welfare of its citizens.

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17th amendment

Back 17

Made senators directly elected by the people; removed their selection from state legislatures.

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16th amendment

Back 18

Authorized Congress to enact a national income tax.

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Sovereign immunity

Back 19

The right of a state to be free from lawsuit unless it gives permission to the suit. Under the 11th amendment, all states are considered sovereign.

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10th amendment

Back 20

The final part of the Bill of Rights that defines the basic principle of American federalism in stating: "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people."

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Unfunded mandates

Back 21

National laws that direct states or local governments to comply with the federal rules or regulations (such as clean air or water standards) but contain no federal funding to defray the cost of meeting these requirements.