Ch. 1 - The Cell

Front 1

Surrounded by cytoplasm and generally is located in the center of the cell

Back 1

nucleus

Front 2

Largest membrane bound organelle

Back 2

nucleus

Front 3

Two membranes comprise the what?

Back 3

nuclear envelope

Front 4

The outer membrane of the nuclear envelope is continuous with this

Back 4

endoplasmic reticulum

Front 5

DNA binding proteins

Back 5

histones

Front 6

Cause the folding of DNA into chromosomes

Back 6

histones

Front 7

A small dense structure composed largely of RNA; most of the cellular DNA; and the DNA binding proteins, the histones

Back 7

nucleolus

Front 8

The primary functions of this are cell division and control of genetic formation.

Back 8

nucleus

Front 9

RNA is introduced into the what, where it directs cellular activities.

Back 9

cytoplasm

Front 10

Space between nuclear envelope and the plasma membrane

Back 10

cytoplasmic matrix

Front 11

RNA protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm.

Back 11

Ribosomes

Front 12

Chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis.

Back 12

Ribosomes

Front 13

Membrane factory that specializes in the synthesis and transport of the protein and lipid components of most of the cell's organelles.

Back 13

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Front 14

Ribosomes and ribonucleoprotein particles are attached to it.

Back 14

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Front 15

Consists of a network of tubular or saclike channels (cisternae) that extend throughout the cytoplasm and are continuous with the outer nuclear membrane.

Back 15

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Front 16

Contains enzymes involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones and are responsible for a variety of reactions required to remove toxic substances from the cell.

Back 16

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Front 17

Communicates with the Golgi complex and interacts with other organelles, particularly lysosomes and peroxisomes

Back 17

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Front 18

Cisternae are located in the what?

Back 18

Golgi apparatus

Front 19

Cisternae are located in the what?

Back 19

Golgi apparatus

Front 20

Refining plant in the cell that directs traffic

Back 20

Golgi apparatus

Front 21

Cisternae are located in the what?

Back 21

Golgi apparatus

Front 22

Refining plant in the cell that directs traffic

Back 22

Golgi apparatus

Front 23

Means "dissolution body"

Back 23

Lysosome

Front 24

Saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex

Back 24

Lysosomes

Front 25

Cisternae are located in the what?

Back 25

Golgi apparatus

Front 26

Refining plant in the cell that directs traffic

Back 26

Golgi apparatus

Front 27

Means "dissolution body"

Back 27

Lysosome

Front 28

Saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex

Back 28

Lysosomes

Front 29

Cisternae are located in the what?

Back 29

Golgi apparatus

Front 30

Refining plant in the cell that directs traffic

Back 30

Golgi apparatus

Front 31

Means "dissolution body"

Back 31

Lysosome

Front 32

Saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex

Back 32

Lysosomes

Front 33

Catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates

Back 33

Hydrolases

Front 34

Capable of digesting most cellular components down to their basic forms (amino acids, fatty acids, sugars)

Back 34

Lysosomes

Front 35

Acts as a protective shield between powerful digestive enzymes in the lysosome and cytoplasm

Back 35

Lysosomal membrane

Front 36

Acts as a protective shield between powerful digestive enzymes in the lysosome and cytoplasm

Back 36

Lysosomal membrane

Front 37

Condition in which undigested uric acid accumulates within lysosomes, damaging the lysosomal membrane

Back 37

Gout

Front 38

Acts as a protective shield between powerful digestive enzymes in the lysosome and cytoplasm

Back 38

Lysosomal membrane

Front 39

Condition in which undigested uric acid accumulates within lysosomes, damaging the lysosomal membrane

Back 39

Gout

Front 40

Lysosomes remain fully active by maintaining a low what?

Back 40

pH

Front 41

Are secondary lysosomes active or inactive?

Back 41

Active

Front 42

Are secondary lysosomes active or inactive?

Back 42

Active

Front 43

Process in living cells in which cellular debris is encapsulated within a vesicle that reacts with a lysosome to complete its degradation

Back 43

Autophagy

Front 44

Are secondary lysosomes active or inactive?

Back 44

Active

Front 45

Process in living cells in which cellular debris is encapsulated within a vesicle that reacts with a lysosome to complete its degradation

Back 45

Autophagy

Front 46

Indigestible material is stored in vesicles called what?

Back 46

Residual bodies

Front 47

Residual bodies are eventually oxidized, and a pigmented substance called what accumulates in the cell

Back 47

Lipofuscin

Front 48

Similar to lysosomes in appearance, but are larger and oval in appearance

Back 48

Peroxisomes

Front 49

Are secondary lysosomes active or inactive?

Back 49

Active

Front 50

Process in living cells in which cellular debris is encapsulated within a vesicle that reacts with a lysosome to complete its degradation

Back 50

Autophagy

Front 51

Indigestible material is stored in vesicles called what?

Back 51

Residual bodies

Front 52

Residual bodies are eventually oxidized, and a pigmented substance called what accumulates in the cell

Back 52

Lipofuscin

Front 53

Similar to lysosomes in appearance, but are larger and oval in appearance

Back 53

Peroxisomes

Front 54

Contain several oxidative enzymes, such as catalase and urate oxidase

Back 54

Peroxisomes

Front 55

Are secondary lysosomes active or inactive?

Back 55

Active

Front 56

Process in living cells in which cellular debris is encapsulated within a vesicle that reacts with a lysosome to complete its degradation

Back 56

Autophagy

Front 57

Indigestible material is stored in vesicles called what?

Back 57

Residual bodies

Front 58

Residual bodies are eventually oxidized, and a pigmented substance called what accumulates in the cell

Back 58

Lipofuscin

Front 59

Similar to lysosomes in appearance, but are larger and oval in appearance

Back 59

Peroxisomes

Front 60

Contain several oxidative enzymes, such as catalase and urate oxidase

Back 60

Peroxisomes

Front 61

A powerful oxidant, potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes

Back 61

Hydrogen peroxide

Front 62

Have an important role in the synthesis of specialized phospholipids necessary for nerve cell myelination

Back 62

Peroxisomes

Front 63

These cytoplasmic membranes are of much interest because of their role in cellular energy metabolism

Back 63

Mitochondria

Front 64

These cytoplasmic membranes are of much interest because of their role in cellular energy metabolism

Back 64

Mitochondria

Front 65

These cytoplasmic organelles appear as spheres, rods, or filamentous bodies that are bound by a double membrane

Back 65

Mitochondria

Front 66

These cytoplasmic membranes are of much interest because of their role in cellular energy metabolism

Back 66

Mitochondria

Front 67

These cytoplasmic organelles appear as spheres, rods, or filamentous bodies that are bound by a double membrane

Back 67

Mitochondria

Front 68

The inner membrane of the mitochondria contain the enzymes of the respiratory chain, also known as what?

Back 68

Electron transport chain

Front 69

These cytoplasmic membranes are of much interest because of their role in cellular energy metabolism

Back 69

Mitochondria

Front 70

These cytoplasmic organelles appear as spheres, rods, or filamentous bodies that are bound by a double membrane

Back 70

Mitochondria

Front 71

The inner membrane of the mitochondria contain the enzymes of the respiratory chain, also known as what?

Back 71

Electron transport chain

Front 72

The inner membrane of this organelle is highly selective, and contains a transporter to move electrically charged calcium (calcium ions)

Back 72

Mitochondria

Front 73

These cytoplasmic membranes are of much interest because of their role in cellular energy metabolism

Back 73

Mitochondria

Front 74

These cytoplasmic organelles appear as spheres, rods, or filamentous bodies that are bound by a double membrane

Back 74

Mitochondria

Front 75

The inner membrane of the mitochondria contain the enzymes of the respiratory chain, also known as what?

Back 75

Electron transport chain

Front 76

The inner membrane of this organelle is highly selective, and contains a transporter to move electrically charged calcium (calcium ions)

Back 76

Mitochondria

Front 77

Cytoplasmic ribonucleoproteins, much larger than ribosomes, and shaped like octagonal barrels

Back 77

Vaults

Front 78

These cytoplasmic membranes are of much interest because of their role in cellular energy metabolism

Back 78

Mitochondria

Front 79

These cytoplasmic organelles appear as spheres, rods, or filamentous bodies that are bound by a double membrane

Back 79

Mitochondria

Front 80

The inner membrane of the mitochondria contain the enzymes of the respiratory chain, also known as what?

Back 80

Electron transport chain

Front 81

The inner membrane of this organelle is highly selective, and contains a transporter to move electrically charged calcium (calcium ions)

Back 81

Mitochondria

Front 82

Cytoplasmic ribonucleoproteins, much larger than ribosomes, and shaped like octagonal barrels

Back 82

Vaults

Front 83

Speculated to be cellular "trucks"

Back 83

Vaults

Front 84

These cytoplasmic membranes are of much interest because of their role in cellular energy metabolism

Back 84

Mitochondria

Front 85

These cytoplasmic organelles appear as spheres, rods, or filamentous bodies that are bound by a double membrane

Back 85

Mitochondria

Front 86

The inner membrane of the mitochondria contain the enzymes of the respiratory chain, also known as what?

Back 86

Electron transport chain

Front 87

The inner membrane of this organelle is highly selective, and contains a transporter to move electrically charged calcium (calcium ions)

Back 87

Mitochondria

Front 88

Cytoplasmic ribonucleoproteins, much larger than ribosomes, and shaped like octagonal barrels

Back 88

Vaults

Front 89

Speculated to be cellular "trucks"

Back 89

Vaults

Front 90

Thought to carry mRNA from the nucleus to the ribosomal sites of protein synthesis within the cytoplasm

Back 90

Vaults

Front 91

These cytoplasmic membranes are of much interest because of their role in cellular energy metabolism

Back 91

Mitochondria

Front 92

These cytoplasmic organelles appear as spheres, rods, or filamentous bodies that are bound by a double membrane

Back 92

Mitochondria

Front 93

The inner membrane of the mitochondria contain the enzymes of the respiratory chain, also known as what?

Back 93

Electron transport chain

Front 94

The inner membrane of this organelle is highly selective, and contains a transporter to move electrically charged calcium (calcium ions)

Back 94

Mitochondria

Front 95

Cytoplasmic ribonucleoproteins, much larger than ribosomes, and shaped like octagonal barrels

Back 95

Vaults

Front 96

Speculated to be cellular "trucks"

Back 96

Vaults

Front 97

Thought to carry mRNA from the nucleus to the ribosomal sites of protein synthesis within the cytoplasm

Back 97

Vaults

Front 98

Gelatinous, semiliquid portion of the cytoplasm accounting for 55% of the total cell volume.

Back 98

Cytosol