Ch 1: Polyphonic Music Of The Medieval Period

Front 1

Define "polyphony"

Back 1

the combination of two or more independent lines of music.

Front 2

Where did polyphonic music originate?

Back 2

France, (particularly Paris)

Front 3

What was the earliest polyphony known as?

Back 3

organum

Front 4

Define parallel organum

Back 4

two parts moving in either parallel 4ths or 5ths below the chant.

Front 5

What is Organum triplum or Organum Quadruplum?

Back 5

When one or both parts of an Organum double at the octave.

Front 6

What were the only consonant intervals used in parallel organum?

Back 6

unisons, fourths, fifths, and octaves

Front 7

What were two other names used to describe Gregorian Chant?

Back 7

Plainsong or Vox Principalis

Front 8

What is the added voice in Parallel Organum called?

Back 8

Vox Organalis

Front 9

What type of organum moves in contrary, parallel, similar, or oblique motion (basically any type of motion)?

Back 9

Free Organum

Front 10

Which type of Organum used a melismatic counterpoint, called Duplum?

Back 10

Aquitanian Organum

Front 11

Which type of organum introduced measured rhythm through the use of six rhythmic modes?

Back 11

Measured Organum

Front 12

Who were the two earliest composers of measured organum?

Back 12

Leonin and Perotin

Front 13

What is a clausula?

Back 13

A "closed" section where all of the voices moved in measured rhythm, known as "discant" style.

Front 14

What is "Conductus"?

Back 14

a medieval song in latin with a sacred or metrical text, used when the priest moved from place to place in the church during services.

Front 15

Who was the Abbess of Rupertsberg who was famous for her play "Ordo Virtutum", considered to be the earliest morality play?

Back 15

Hildegard von Bingen

Front 16

What were the two phases which the Medieval period in music can be subdivided into?

Back 16

Ars Antiqua and Ars Nova

Front 17

What do Ars Antiqua and Ars Nova mean in English?

Back 17

Old Art and New Art, respectively.

Front 18

In which medieval period did the Organum, conductus, and Motet evolve?

Back 18

Ars Antiqua

Front 19

In which medieval period were the six rhythm modes used primarily?

Back 19

Ars Antiqua

Front 20

which medieval period used gregorian chant for the cantus firmus?

Back 20

Ars Antiqua

Front 21

which medieval period used limited vocal range?

Back 21

Ars Antiqua

Front 22

which medieval period used mostly intervals of 8ves, 5ths, and 4ths?

Back 22

Ars Antiqua

Front 23

Which medieval period avoided chromaticism?

Back 23

Ars antiqua

Front 24

Who wrote Ars Nova Musicae, a treatise which discussed the new practices in music of the Ars Nova period?

Back 24

Phillippe de Vitry

Front 25

Which medieval period used more 3rds and 6ths, and less parallel 4ths, 5ths and octaves?

Back 25

Ars Nova

Front 26

Which medieval period had more emphasis on secular music?

Back 26

Ars Nova

Front 27

Which medieval period used new notation for rhythm?

Back 27

Ars Nova

Front 28

Which medieval period used Mensuration and what was Mensuration?

Back 28

Ars Nova and it was a system governing the relationship between note values

Front 29

What was a Hocket and what medieval period was it first used in?

Back 29

It was a compositional device by which a melodic line is interrupted by rests, and the other voice fills in where the rests are, so that the melody is divided between the voices. It was first used during the Ars Nova period.

Front 30

What was Isorhythm and what medieval period was it first used in?

Back 30

First used in the Ars Nova period, it basically translates to "equal rhythm". It was the practice of repeating a rhythmic pattern (known as Talea) against a set of pitches that repeat (known as the Color). This melody (color) repeats, providing unity and variety in the tenor voice.

Front 31

What is a Talea

Back 31

a Rhythmic pattern

Front 32

What is the Color in an isorhythm?

Back 32

a set of pitches that repeat (basically, a melodic motif)

Front 33

Who was known as the most outstanding composer of the 14th century?

Back 33

Guillaume de Machaut

Front 34

What was Machaut's most famous mass called?

Back 34

Messe de Nostre Dame (Mass of Nostre Dame)

Front 35

What piece was the first polyphonic setting of the Ordinary of the Mass by one identifiable composer?

Back 35

Machuat's Messe de Nostre Dame

Front 36

What piece was characterized by being one of the first in which each section related by musical motives?

Back 36

Machuat's Messe de Nostre Dame

Front 37

What piece was one of the first to use frequent complete triads in 4-part texture?

Back 37

Machuat's Messe de Nostre Dame

Front 38

What piece was one of the first to use isorhythm and hockets?

Back 38

Machuat's Messe de Nostre Dame