Ch. 1 Nutrisci

Front 1

Essential

Back 1

in reference to a nutrient, essential means the nutrient is both necessary for life,
and cannot be synthesized by the body.

Front 2

Macronutrient

Back 2

nutrient needed in relatively
large quantities. The macronutrients are protein,
carbohydrate, and fat (lipid).

Front 3

Polymer

Back 3

a molecule consisting of a repeating chain of one smaller molecule, i.e., starch
is a polymer of a sugar.

Front 4

Calorie

Back 4

a unit of energy.

Front 5

Enzyme

Back 5

a protein that regulates body
processes through its role in controlling chemical
reactions.

Front 6

micronutrient

Back 6

nutrient needed in relatively
small (microscopic) quantities. The micronutrients
are vitamins and minerals.

Front 7

organic

Back 7

in chemistry, a chemical compound that contains the element carbon.

Front 8

inorganic

Back 8

in chemistry, a substance that
does not contain the element carbon.

Front 9

phytochemicals

Back 9

a large of group of chemical
produced by plants, many of which have physiologic effects on the human body and may be important in chronic disease prevention.
Despite their many benefits, they are not considered nutrients in the conventional sense, because no one of them is essential

Front 10

anecdotal

Back 10

evidence of an individual nature, without rigorous examination.

Front 11

placebo

Back 11

a drug or other substance with no inherent treatment value which affects an individual through the psychological power of their belief in its efficacy.

Front 12

experimental group

Back 12

in an experiment, the
group that receives whatever treatment is being studied. Also known as the treatment group.

Front 13

control group

Back 13

in an experiment, the group
receiving no treatment, used as a comparison
for the experimental group.

Front 14

outcome

Back 14

the measure being studied in an
experiment, such as incidence of colds or lung
cancer, as a result of some exposure, such as
vitamin C or smoking.

Front 15

exposure

Back 15

in an experiment, the hypothetical
cause of an outcome, as in lung cancer may
result from exposure to tobacco smoke.

Front 16

correlation

Back 16

the relationship between two
associated things. Fire and smoke are associated,
or correlated, just as thunder and lightning
are. Correlation by itself, however, does
not prove cause and effect.

Front 17

confounder

Back 17

a factor associated with some
outcome that confuses or confounds the
determination of true cause and effect.

Front 18

double blind

Back 18

a study in which neither the
researcher nor the study subject knows which
treatment the subject is getting.

Front 19

generalizability

Back 19

the degree to which one
finding can be assumed to apply to some
other group or situation.

Front 20

ethnography

Back 20

the study of indigenous
human cultural and ethnic groups.

Front 21

indigenous

Back 21

having originated in a particular
geographic area, as in indigenous, or native,
people.