Ch. 1

Front 1

Administrative Agency

Back 1

Federal, State, or local government agency established to perform a specific function.

Hiring and firing; marketing; All aspects of business.

Front 2

Administrative Law

Back 2

Rules and orders and decision of administrative agencies.

Front 3

Alleged

Back 3

Claiming

Front 4

Analogy

Back 4

Comparing the facts in a case to previous cases to make a decision.

Front 5

Appellant

Back 5

The part appealing the case.

Front 6

Appellee

Back 6

The party against whom the appeal is taken.

Front 7

Binding Authority

Back 7

Any source of law that a court must follow when deciding a case.

Front 8

Breach

Back 8

Breaking or failing to follow

Front 9

Case Law

Back 9

The principles announced in cases. Covers all areas not covered by statutory law; Part of common Law.

Front 10

Case on Point

Back 10

Previously decided cases that are similar to the one under consideration.

Front 11

Chancellor

Back 11

An advisor that has the power to grant new remedies.

Front 12

Citation

Back 12

Identifies the publication in which the legal authority can be found. Such as a statute or a court decision.

Front 13

Civil Law

Back 13

Wrongs committed against the public as a whole. Whoever commits the crime is prosecuted by the state not the victim.

Front 14

Cyber Law

Back 14

The law that governs the internet.

Front 15

Damages

Back 15

The amount given to legal parties that have been injured.

Front 16

Defendant

Back 16

The party being sued.

Front 17

Equitable Maxims

Back 17

Propositions or general statements of equitable rules.

Front 18

Executive Agency

Back 18

Cabinet departments of the executive agents; Subject to the authority of the president; FDA etc..

Front 19

Historical School

Back 19

Focuses on the origin and history of the legal system.

Front 20

Independent Regulatory Agency

Back 20

Type of executive agency; President has less authority.

Front 21

Jurisprudence

Back 21

Learning about different schools of jurisprudential thought, and how it affects decision making.

Front 22

Laches

Back 22

Equity aides the vigilant not those who rest on their rights; equitable doctrine of laches (means negligent) can be used as a defense;

Front 23

Law

Front 24

Legal Positivism

Back 24

The written law of a given society at a particular point in time applies only to that nation. LAW IS LAW.

Front 25

Legal Realism

Back 25

Law is shaped by social forces an needs, judges should take this into account when making decisions.

Front 26

Legal Reasoning

Back 26

The reasoning process when deciding what law applies to a case.

Front 27

Natural Law

Back 27

A universal law that applies to all human beings; written laws should imitate these principles.

Front 28

Ordinance

Back 28

Laws that are passed by the county to govern matters that aren't covered by federal law.

Front 29

Petitioner

Back 29

The party bringing a lawsuit in equity cases.

Front 30

Plaintiff

Back 30

The suing party.

Front 31

Precedent

Back 31

A decision that furnished an example for other cases.

Front 32

Procedural Law

Back 32

All laws that delineate the methods of enforcing the rights established by substantial law.

Front 33

Public Policy

Back 33

Government policy based on widely held societal views.

Front 34

Remedy

Back 34

Legally enforcing a right or redressing a wrong.

Front 35

Remedies at Law

Back 35

Land, Items of value, and Money.

Front 36

Remedy & Equity

Back 36

Remedies granted by the equity courts. These include specific performance (Performing), injunction (Stopping), and recession (Cancelling).

Front 37

Reporters

Back 37

Cases that are published; Called reports.

Front 38

Respondent

Back 38

The party being sued in equity court.

Front 39

Sociological School

Back 39

This school views law as a tool promoting justice in society.

Front 40

Stare Decisis

Back 40

The practice of deciding cases with precedent (To stand on decided cases)

Front 41

Statutes of Limitations

Back 41

No action can be taken after this time has expired.

Front 42

Statutory Law

Back 42

Laws that are passed by any level of government; Statutes passed by congress.

Front 43

Substantive Law

Back 43

Laws that define, describe, regulate, and create legal rights and obligations.

Front 44

Syllogism

Back 44

A logical relationship involving a major, minor, premises, and a conclusion.

Front 45

Uniform Law

Back 45

Model laws for the sates to consider adopting; Proposed by the NCCUSL.

Front 46

CH. 2

Back 46

CH. 2

Front 47

Affidavits

Back 47

Sworn statements or documents

Front 48

Affirmative Defense

Back 48

Defendant admits their wrong doing but tries to justify their doing with facts so they are not liable.

Front 49

Answer

Back 49

The defendant either admits or denies and sets forth defenses to the allegations.

Front 50

Bankruptcy Court

Back 50

Handles only bankruptcy cases.

Front 51

Brief

Back 51

a formal legal document outlining the facts of the case.

Front 52

Closing Argument

Back 52

The attorney summarizes the facts/evidence of the case. Indicates why the evidence supports the claim.

Front 53

Complaint

Back 53

A statement that shows the facts that there's a personal jurisdiction. The plaintiffs basis for relief, and the remedy the plaintiff is seeking.

Front 54

Concurrent Jurisdiction

Back 54

Federal and state courts have the power to hear a case involving diversity of citizenship.

Front 55

Counter Claim

Front 56

Cross Examination

Back 56

A witness is subject to examination after the plaintiffs attorney finishes examining then the witness is subject to examining by the defendants attorney.

Front 57

Default Judgment

Back 57

The plaintiff is awarded the damages alleged in her complaint if the defendant fails to respond.

Front 58

Deposition

Back 58

Sworn testimony by witness recorded by an authorized court official.

Front 59

Direct Examination

Back 59

Examining or question a witness.

Front 60

Discovery

Back 60

Obtaining information form the opposing party prior to trial.

Front 61

Diversity of Citizenship

Back 61

When a federal court has jurisdiction over a case that does not involve a question of federal law.

Front 62

Requirements of Diversity Jurisdiction

Back 62

1. Plaintiff and defendant must be residents of different states.

2. Dollar amount must exceed $75,000

Front 63

E Evidence

Back 63

All electronic recorded information.

Front 64

Exclusive Jurisdiction

Back 64

Cases that can only be tried in federal courts or state courts.

Front 65

Federal rules of Civil Procedure "FRCP"

Back 65

Civil trials held in federal district courts. 3 phases. Pre-Trial, Trial, and Post Trial .

Front 66

Federal Question

Back 66

When a plaintiffs case of action is based the U.S constitution, a treaty, or federal law fall's under federal court.

Front 67

Hearsay

Back 67

A testimony made by someone who is not under oath at the time of the statement.

Front 68

In personam Jurisdiction

Back 68

Court can exercise over any business or person that stays in a certain geographic area.

Front 69

in rem Jurisdiction

Back 69

Court has jurisdiction over property that is located in its boundaries.

Front 70

Interrogatories

Back 70

Written question for which written answers are prepared and signed under oath. They are directed towards a party to the lawsuit not a witness.

Front 71

Jurisdiction Review

Back 71

The judiciary can decide whether the laws/actions of the other two branches are constitutional.

Front 72

Jurisdiction

Back 72

The power to speak the law. Before any court can juristic must have jurisdiction of the subject.

Front 73

Justiciable Controversy

Back 73

A controversy that is real and substantial and is not hypothetical.

Front 74

Long arm Statute

Back 74

A court can exercise personal jurisdiction over certain out-of-state defendants based on activities that took place within the state.

Front 75

Motion

Back 75

Procedure request submitted to the court by an attorney on behalf of the client.

Front 76

Motion for a directed verdict

Back 76

At the conclusion of the plaintiffs case he defendant attorney can ask the judge to direct a verdict even though the plaintiff has presented no evidence to support the claim.

Front 77

Motion for a new Trial

Back 77

The judge grants this motion if its believed that the jury was in error.

Front 78

Motion for judgment M.O.V

Back 78

The plaintiff wins the defendant can motion that the juries verdict was unreasonable and the judgment will be entered in favor of the defendant.

Front 79

Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings

Back 79

Either party asks the court to decide the issue solely on pleadings without proceeding to trial.

Front 80

Motion for Summary Judgment

Back 80

Either party can ask the court to grant a judgment in that parties favor without a trial.

Front 81

Motion to Dismiss

Back 81

Either party can file to dismiss the case if the plaintiffs complaint fails to provide a remedy.

Front 82

Opening Statement

Back 82

At the beginnings of a trial both attorneys are allowed to set forth the facts that they expect to prove during the trial.

Front 83

Pleadings

Back 83

The complaint and answer taken together.

Front 84

Pre-Trial Conference

Back 84

After discovery has taken place before the trial the attorneys meet with the trial judge to discuss the possibility of a pre-trial.

Front 85

Pre-Trial motion

Back 85

Motion to dismiss motion for judgment of the pleadings motion for summary judgment.

Front 86

Probate Court

Back 86

State courts that handle a persons assets after death; Child custody.

Front 87

Question of Fact

Back 87

Deals with what really happened in regards to the dispute.

Front 88

Question of Law

Back 88

The application or interpretation of the law only a judge can rule over this.

Front 89

Rebuttal

Back 89

Additional evidence that refutes the defendants case.

Front 90

Rejoinder

Back 90

The defendants attorney refuting that evidence.

Front 91

Relevant Evidence

Back 91

Evidence that tends to prove or disprove a fact in question or probability.

Front 92

Rule of Four

Back 92

The court will not issue a WRIT review unless four of the nine justices approve of it.

Front 93

Rules of Evidence

Back 93

The evidence will be admitted in court.

Front 94

Service of Process

Back 94

Formally notifying the defendant of a lawsuit.

Front 95

Small Claims Court

Back 95

Inferior trial courts that hear only civil cases of less than $5000

Front 96

Standing to Sue

Back 96

Sufficient stake in a matter to justify seeking relief in the justice system.

Front 97

Summons

Back 97

A notice requiring the defendant to appear in court and answering the complaint.

Front 98

Venue

Back 98

The most appropriate location to hold a trial preferably in the area where the incident happened.

Front 99

Verdict

Back 99

Specifies the juries factual findings and in the some cases the amount of the award.

Front 100

Voir Dire

Back 100

The jury selection process.

Front 101

Writ of Certiorari

Back 101

An order issued by the court to the lower court for review.

Front 102

Writ of Execution

Back 102

An order directing the sheriff to seize and sell the defendants assets.

Front 103

Ch. 3

Alternative Dispute Resolution

Back 103

Search for alternative means to resolve problems.

Front 104

American Arbitration Association

Back 104

Non profit organization that handles disputes and the cases are heard by experts to resolve them.

Front 105

Arbitration

Back 105

An arbitrator hears a dispute an makes a decision for the parties.

Front 106

Arbitrator

Back 106

A neutral third party or a panel of experts.

Front 107

Choice of Law Clause

Back 107

The parties choose to have the laws of a specific state govern their agreement.

Front 108

Early Mutual Case Evaluation

Back 108

The parties select a neutral third party to evaluate their positions and this forms the basis for negotiating a settlement.

Front 109

Facilitation

Back 109

A third party assist in reconciling the differences; a friendly adversarial manner.

Front 110

Mediation

Back 110

A neutral third party acts as a mediator and works with both sides but they do not make a decision resolving the matter.

Front 111

Mediator

Back 111

A neutral third party that works with both parties to come up with a solution; Not a lawyer.

Front 112

Mini Trials

Back 112

A private meeting where each parties attorney briefly argues the parties case before the trial.

Front 113

Negotiation

Back 113

Simplest form of ADR "Alternate Dispute Resolution" The parties come together formally with or without attorneys.

Front 114

Online Dispute Resolution "ODR"

Back 114

Resolving disputes in online forms, best used for small to medium sized claims.

Front 115

Submission

Back 115

The first step of the arbitration process is the act of referring a dispute to an arbitrator. The next step is hearing, the last one is award.

Front 116

Summary Jury Trial

Back 116

Mock trial that occurs in a courtroom before a judge and jury. The juries verdict is only advisory and how it would in an actual trial.

Front 117

Ch. 4

Back 117

Ch. 4

Front 118

Business Ethics

Back 118

Focusing on what is right and wrong behavior in the business world.

Front 119

Categorical Imperative

Back 119

Individuals should evaluate their actions in light of the consequences that would follow if every member of society acted that way.

Front 120

Corporate Social Responsibility

Back 120

The idea that those corporations can an should act ethically and be accountable.

Front 121

Cost Benefit Analysis

Back 121

An assessment of the negative an positive effects of alternatively actions on these individuals.

Front 122

Ethical Reasoning

Back 122

When the individual examines the situation at hand in light of their moral convictions.

Front 123

Moral Minimum

Back 123

The minimum acceptable standard for ethical business behavior is compliance with law.

Front 124

Principle of Rights

Back 124

certain actions are morally wrong because they are contrary to nature.

Front 125

Stock Buyback

Back 125

Management believes the market price of its shares are below value so they buy its shares to boost the price of its stock.

Front 126

Stock Options

Back 126

When share holders aren't able to buy shares of the corporate stock at a set price.

Front 127

Utilitarianism

Back 127

The greatest good; focuses on the consequences of an action not on the nature of the action

or the morals.

Front 128

Ch. 5

Back 128

Ch.5

Front 129

Bill of Rights

Back 129

The 10 amendments are a series of protection of an individual against the government.

Front 130

Checks and Balances

Back 130

Allows each branch to limit the actions of the other branches.

Front 131

Commerce Clause

Back 131

Stop prevent state from establishing laws and regulations that would interfere with trade and commerce.

Front 132

Due Process Clause

Back 132

Both the 5th and the 14th amendment no person should be deprived of life or liberty without due process of law.

Front 133

Equal Protection Clause

Back 133

* The government cannot enact laws that treat similar situated individuals differently.

Front 134

Establishment Clause

Back 134

The first amendment states that the government may never establish any religion.

Front 135

Federal form of Government

Back 135

The national government and the state share sovereign power.

Front 136

Filtering Software

Back 136

Software to keep children form assessing adult content.

Front 137

Free - Exercise Clause

Back 137

The first amendment states that the government may never prohibit free exercise of religious practices.

Front 138

Full Faith and Credit Clause

Back 138

Rights established under deeds contracts in one states will be honored by other states.

Front 139

Meta Tags

Back 139

Key Words; A website.

Front 140

Police Powers

Back 140

The right of state governments to regulate private activities to protect the public; Fire codes.

Front 141

Preemption

Back 141

When congress acts in an area where the federal government and state have power.

Front 142

Privileges and Immunities Clause

Back 142

Prevents a state from imposing burdens on citizens of another state; Doing business.

Front 143

Probable Cause

Back 143

Must have trustworthy evidence that will conceive a person or justifies a search.

Front 144

Search Warrant

Back 144

An order from the judge to search.

Front 145

Supremacy Clause

Back 145

Proves that the constitution laws and treaties of the U.S are the supreme laws of demand.

Front 146

Symbolic Speech

Back 146

Gestures, or movements that are given substantial protection by the courts.

Front 147

Ch. 6

Back 147

Ch. 6

Front 148

Adjudication

Back 148

Process of resolving a dispute by presenting evidence before a neutral third party.

Front 149

Administrative Law Judge

Back 149

Trial-like arbitration procedure.

Front 150

Bureaucracy

Back 150

Administrative agencies are part of the bureaucracy which is the fourth branch of government.

Front 151

Delegation Doctrine

Back 151

Congress has the power to establish administrative agencies that can create rules for implementing laws.

Front 152

Enabling Legislation

Back 152

Specifies the name, purpose, function of the administrative agency created.

Front 153

Final Order

Back 153

If no party appeals the case or if the court declines to review the case the decision becomes final.

Front 154

Initial Order

Back 154

Decision on the case.

Front 155

Interpretive Rule

Back 155

Declare policy and does not affect legal rights.

Front 156

Legislative Rule

Back 156

Legally binging as laws that congress passes; Substantive Rules.

Front 157

Notice and Comment Rulemaking

Back 157

3 basic steps. Notice of the proposed rulemaking, comment period, and the final rule.

Front 158

Rulemaking

Back 158

The creation of new regulations.

Front 159

Actus Reus

Back 159

A guilty act. Fro a crime to exist the person must cause some hair to a person.

Front 160

Arson

Back 160

The willful burned of a building owned by another.

Front 161

Beyond a Reasonable doubt

Back 161

The prosecutor must prove hyena a reasonable doubt that a defendant has committed ever essence of the crime. If the juror is not convinced then the defendant is not guilty.

Front 162

Botnet

Back 162

Networks of computers that have been taken over by hackers without the knowledge of the owners.

Front 163

Burlgery

Back 163

Breaking and entering at night with intent to commit a felony.

Front 164

Computer Crime

Back 164

Any violation of criminal law that involves knowledge of computer technology for its investigation.

Front 165

Crime

Back 165

A wrong against society proclaimed in a statute and punishable. They're prosecuted by an attorney not by victim.

Front 166

Cyber Crime

Back 166

A crime online

Front 167

Cyber Fraud

Back 167

Fraud committed over the internet.

Front 168

Cyber terrorist

Back 168

Hackers who try to stay undetected so they can exploit computers for a serious impact.

Front 169

Double Jeopardy

Back 169

You can not try someone twice for the same offense if found guilty.

Front 170

Duress

Back 170

The wrongful threat towards a person to perform a act that wouldn't normally perform.

Front 171

Embezzlement

Back 171

When a person entrusted with another person property abuses their property. (Bank thieves) Not larceny; Not Robbery.

Front 172

Entrapment

Back 172

A defense used to prevent police officers form enticing people to commit crimes in order to prosecute them later.

Front 173

Exclusionary Rule

Back 173

Any evidence obtained in violation of the 4th, 5th, and 6th amendment is not admissible at trial.

Front 174

Felony

Back 174

Serious crime punishable by law or imprisonment for more than a year.

Front 175

Forgery

Back 175

Signing for someone else without their permission.

Front 176

Grand Jury

Back 176

They do not determine who's guilty they just hear the evidence and determine if its probable cause for a trial to be held.

Front 177

Indictment

Back 177

The charge issued by a grand jury.

Front 178

Larceny

Back 178

The unlawful taking of someone else property with intent to not give it back; Picking pockets.

Front 179

Malware

Back 179

Any program thats harmful to the computer.

Front 180

Mens REA

Back 180

A wrongful mental state. Typically used to establish criminal liability.

Front 181

Misdemeanor

Back 181

A less serious crime punishable by a fine or jail time up to a year.

Front 182

Money Laundering

Back 182

Illegal transactions; drug transactions, prostitution, gambling..

Front 183

Necessity

Back 183

Criminal defendants can be relieved of liability by showing that a criminal act was necessary to prevent greater harm.

Front 184

Petty Offense

Back 184

Minor violations such as J walking.

Front 185

Phishing

Back 185

A form of identity theft where a person posses as a business to get personal information.

Front 186

Plea Bargaining

Back 186

A grant of immunity from prosecution for a serious crime.

Front 187

Robbery

Back 187

Taking of money using force.

Front 188

Self Defense

Back 188

The best known defense to criminal liability.

Front 189

Self Incrimination

Back 189

When a person accused of a crime doesn't want to give any information they cannot be forced to do so by the 5th amendment.

Front 190

Vishing

Back 190

When phishing involves some form of voice communication.

Front 191

White Collard Crime

Back 191

A nonviolent act by a person or business to gain personal advantage.

Front 192

Worm

Back 192

A software program that is capable of producing itself as it spreads.

Front 193

Actionable

Back 193

Capable of serving as the ground for a lawsuit.

Front 194

Actual Malice

Back 194

A statement made with knowledge of its falsity.

Front 195

Appropriation

Back 195

The use of another persons name without permission or personal benefit.

Front 196

Assault

Back 196

Any intentional threat of immediate harm. Including words or acts that creates reasonable apprehension of harmful contact of another person.

Front 197

Assumption of Risks

Back 197

A plaintiff who voluntarily enters into a risky situation knowing about the risk and they won't recover.

Front 198

Battery

Back 198

The completion of the intentional act that caused apprehension. Physical injury doesn't need to occur.

Front 199

Business Invitee

Back 199

Firms that invite people to their business are liable for the persons care.

Front 200

Business Tort

Back 200

Wrongful interferences with the business rights of others. Interference with a contractual relationship; Interference with a business relationship.

Front 201

Causation In Fact

Back 201

If an injury would not have occurred without the defendants act then there is causation in fact.

Front 202

Comparative Negligence

Back 202

The plaintiffs and the defendants negligence to be computed and the liability for damages distributed accordingly.

Front 203

Compensatory Damages

Back 203

To compensate a plaintiff for actual losses. Special damages (monetary losses) and general damages (Can be compensated for money loses and emotional).

Front 204

Contributory Negligence

Back 204

A plaintiff who was also negligent cannot cover anything from the defendant.

Front 205

Conversion

Back 205

When a person wrongfully uses someones personal property without permission.

Front 206

Cyber Tort

Back 206

Torts committed via internet concerning defamation.

Front 207

Defamation

Back 207

Wrongfully hurting a persons reputation.

Front 208

Disparagement of Property

Back 208

Falsehoods that are made about another persons product rather than about reputation.

Front 209

Drom Shop Act

Back 209

A bar owner amy be held liable for the damages of an intoxicated person.

Front 210

Duty of Care

Back 210

People are free to act as they please so long as their actions do not infringe on the interest of others.

Front 211

Fraudulent Misrepresentation

Back 211

Intentional deceit for personal gain.

Front 212

Good Samaritan Statute

Back 212

Someone who is aided voluntarily by another can not turn around an sue that person.

Front 213

Intentional Tort

Back 213

When somebody intends to commit a act the consequences of which interfere with the personal interest of another in a way not permitted by law; Assault and battery imprisonment.

Front 214

Libel

Back 214

Defamation in writing or other permanent forms such as a digital recording.

Front 215

Mal practice

Back 215

If a professional violates duty of care to a client the client can sue.

Front 216

Negligence

Back 216

When someone suffers injury because of anthers failure to live up to a required duty of care the risk must be foreseeable.

Front 217

Negligence per say

Back 217

A failure to act that violates a statute that causes another to be injured.

Front 218

Privilege

Back 218

A perosn will not be liable for defamatory statements because they are immune; Absolute & Qualify; such as government officials during debates.

Front 219

Proximate Cause

Back 219

Legal Cause when the connection between the act and the injury is strong enough to justify liability.

Front 220

Public Figure

Back 220

Government power or anybody who is in the limelight.

Front 221

Punitive Damages

Back 221

Damages awarded to punish the wrong doer and to tier others from similar wrong doings.

Front 222

Reasonable Person Standard

Back 222

The judgment of how an ordinary person would act under the same circumstances; Objective.

Front 223

Res ipsa Loquitur

Back 223

The presumption of the defendants negligence; the facts speak for themselves.

Front 224

Slander

Back 224

A form of oral defamation.

Front 225

Slander of Quality

Back 225

The publication or falsification saying that it's not what its sellers claim it does.

Front 226

Slander of Title

Back 226

When a publication falsely denies anothers legal ownership of property resulting in financial loss.

Front 227

Spam

Back 227

Unsolicited junk emails.

Front 228

Superseding Cause

Back 228

Relieves a defendant of liability of injuries caused by the intervening event.

Front 229

Tort

Back 229

Two notions of torts are wrongs and compensation; designed for those who have suffered a loss or injury from another persons wrongs.

Front 230

Tort fearer

Back 230

The one committing the tort.

Front 231

Trade Libel

Back 231

Plaintiff must prove that the false information caused a business loss.

Front 232

Trespass to Land

Back 232

Occurs anytime a person without permission walks or enters the surface of land owned by another or permits anything to remain on it.

Front 233

Trespass to Personal Property

Back 233

When an individual takes or harms the personal property of another or interferes with the lawful owners possession and enjoyment.

Front 234

Bystander

Front 235

Market Share Liability

Back 235

In a product liability claim a plaintiff must prove that a defective product caused the injury and that it was that particular product. Some courts have dropped this requirement.

Front 236

Product Liability

Back 236

Those who make goods can be held liable for physical harm caused by those goods.

Front 237

Product Misuse

Back 237

A product is used for a purpose for which is not intended; The person does not know hat the product is dangerous for a particular use.

Front 238

Statute of Repose

Back 238

Outer time limit on product liability actions.

Front 239

Strict Liability

Back 239

Strict Liability for damages caused by an dangerous activity.

Front 240

Unreasonably Dangerous Product

Back 240

A product that is dangerous due to a flaw in the manufacturing process, a faulty design, or an inadequate warning.

Front 241

Ist Amendment

Back 241

Congress Shall make no law respecting an establishing of religion or prohibiting the free exercise or freedom of speech; The right to assemble and petition the government for a redress of grievances.

Front 242

4th Amendment

Back 242

The right of the people to be secure against unreasonable searches and no warrant shall issue but upon probable cause.

Front 243

5th Amendment

Back 243

No person shall be held to answer for a crime unless indicted by grand jury except in cases arising in the land or militia or public danger; No double jeopardy; No self incrimination; Nor be deprived life, liberty, or property without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

Front 244

6th Amendment

Back 244

If you get committed of a crime you are given the rights to know why you are being persecuted.

Front 245

14th Amendment

Back 245

Won't discriminate against U.S citizens; protect the rights of U.S citizens.

Section 1. People who are born or nationalized in the U.S are subject to jurisdiction. And are citizens of the U.S or the State where they reside. No state shall make any laws that abridges the privileges of citizens.