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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Analysis Phase
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the SDLC phase during which a thorough study of the organization's related and existing processes, procedures, and systems in conducted.
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Client
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the individual directly responsible for initiating the development of, and funding the cost of, the system.
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communicator
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an interpersonal skill which suggests that the analyst can work effectively and easily with all types of people and personalities.
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data redundancy
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a negative characteristic of a process-centric approach; occurs when the same data are stored in more that one location and/or in more than one form.
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data-centric approach
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an application development approach where the focus is on the data necessary to operate a given software application rather than on what the tasks application is supposed to perform.
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decision support system (DSS)
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a special type of IS that is designed, built, and used to assist in the activity that it is named for: providing support to the decision process.
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design activities
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activities focused on determining how to transform the solution into a usable system.
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end users
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the individuals that will ultimately benefit from the development effort and will be directly involved in either the use of the system itself of the information and reports generated by it.
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Executive Information Systems (EIS)
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A special type of DSS that is uniquely designed to facilitate the analysis of information critical to the overall operation of an organization and to probide an arsenal of tools that can support the strategic decision-making processes conducted by top executives.
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Expert System (ES)
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a computer-based application that employs a set of rules based on human knowledge to solve problems that require human expertise.
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general skill set
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the set of skills needed by systems analysts; broken into four basic categories: technical, analytical, managerial, and interpersonal
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implementation
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the SDLC phase during which the programmers begin their work and the assembly and installation of the physical model of the system takes place. Activities in this phase also include the testing and final installation of the hardware and software, and it is in this phase that the end users are trained in the use of the new system.
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IS Management
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the group of individuals who are directly responsible for the management of the IS function within an organization.
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Limited Design Stability
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on of the most significant negative characteristics of a process-centric approach. Because the entire application is developed to perform a specific set of processes and the data are then gathered and stored in a manner unique to that application, the ability to make changes to the application to accomodate changes in the process or data is limityed or possibly untendable.
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Logical Design
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the SDLC phase during which the logical models of the existing system are revised and refined to correct the sources of the identified business problem and to determine that the proposed, new system functions as expected and addresses the objectives and requirements determined during the analysis phase.
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Maintenance Phase
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the SDLC phase during which activities focus on detailed modifications to the new system either to correct a problem not discovered during the final testing or to effect modifications to reflect changes in the organization's environment.
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management information system
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an extension of the TPS in the sense that it accepts as its input the raw data from a TPS and transforms it into meaningful reports or graphs that are intended to assist managers in the planning and controlling of the business.
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Methodology
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a multi-step approach to the analysis, design, and delivery of an IS that reflects a certain degree of formally specified actions and processes by which the analysis of business problems and the operationalization of their colutions occur.
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object
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a design or programming entity that corresponds to the actual thing it represents, such as customers, vendors, contracts, employees, trucks, & money.
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Object-Oriented analysis & design OOAD
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an analysis and design methodology characterized by the combination of processes and data into a single entity called an object.
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Office Automation System OAS
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a system that facilitates the analysis and dissemination of information throughout the organization. Familiar aspects of an OAS include word processing, spreadsheets, presentation graphics and desktop publishing, electronic scheduling and resource allocation, and common methods of inter- and intraoffice communication such as e-mail, voice mail, and videoconferencing.
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Physical Design or Development Phase
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the SDLC phase during which the final logical models are converted into physical specifications that include the detailed specification of hardware, software, and programming instructions necessary to turn the system into reality.
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Preliminary Investigation Phase
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the SDLC phase during which the formal identification and selection of a development project and the formal initiation of a preliminary investigation to determine the feasibility of proceeding with the project are conducted.
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Problem Solver
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an analytical skill which suggest that the analyst will follow a prescribed method of taking a large and complex business problem and breaking it into its component parts, analyzing the various aspects of each component, and then assembling a new and hopefully improved system as a solution to the identified problem.
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process-centricity
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an application development approach in which the focus is primarily on determining what the application is supposed to do.
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Rapid application development RAD
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an analysis and design method whose basic goal is to create a more parallel approach to the analysis and design effort than that of the SDLC. A key characteristic of RAD is heavy reliance on the use of modern CASE tools and the technique of prototyping.
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standards of practice
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definitions of conduct, training and certification requirements, and accepted standards and guidelines for the analysis and design of a modern IS.
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systems analysis activities
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activities primarily focused on determining the nature and domain of the business problem and, thus, the characteristics of an appropriate solution for solving it.
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Systems analysis and Design SAD
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a structured process that is employed in the development of business information systems. Within this process are contained activities that include the identification of business problems; the proposed solution, in the form of an IS, to one or more of the problems identified; and the design and implementation of that proposed solution to achieve the desired and stated goals of the organization.
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system analyst
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a professional who studies an activity (such as a procedure, a business, or a physiological function) in order to define its goals or purposes and to discover operations and procedures for accomplishing them most efficiently.
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systems approach
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a way of thinking about the job of managing that provides the framework for visualizing internal and external environmental factors as an integrated whole.
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systems development life cycle SDLC
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a particular method that has evolved over the past several decades to be a widely accepted structured approach to the analysis and design of modern information systems.
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team player
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a managerial skill which suggests that the analyst has developed expertise as both a technical and a managerial member of the organization, including such areas as business domain knowledge, resource and project management, assessment and management or risk, and management of change.
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technical skill set
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the set of skills needed to successfully develop computer-based info systems, including a working knowledge of the technology in the areas of database management, data networks, telecommunications, operating systems, distributed computing architechures, object technology, common programming languages and protocols, and automated systems development tools, among many others.
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techniques
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various processes and procedures typically employed by an analyst to ensure that the analysis being performed is accurate, comprehensive, and comprehensible to others.
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tools
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models intended to assist in symptom categorization and problem identification (PIECES), DFD, ERD
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Transaction
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a discrete event, either internal or external, that is of value to the organization or is thought to directly serve the mission of the business.
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transaction processing system
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a computer based system whose purpose is to automate the capture and recording of info about the transaction that occur while conducting business
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waterfall model
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an iterative process in which the activities in one phase can revert back to those of a previous phase to correct the info contained within one of more deliverables for that phase
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web-based applications
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apps that use WWW to support business functions
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workgroup management system WMS
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extends capability of OSA into new functions & purposes. Example Lotus Notes, Outlook
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