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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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AN INCREASE IN SPEED OVER TIME
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ACCELERATION
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AREA OF THE FOCAL SPOT CONSISTING OF A COILED WIRE THAT IS PERPENDICULAR TO THE SURFACE OF THE TARGET
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ACTUAL FOCAL SPOT
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A MIXTURE OF METALS
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ALLOY
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A POSITIVELY CHARGED ELECTRODE THAT ACTS AS A TARGET FOR THE ELECTRONS FROM THE CATHODE
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ANODE
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A PHENOMENON IN WHICH METAL DEPOSITS ON THE INNER WALL OF THE ENVELOPE ACT AS A SECONDARY ANODE, THEREBY ATTRACTING ELECTRONS FROM THE CATHODE
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ARCING
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PROVIDES A VARIABLE YET PREDETERMINED VOLTAGE TO THE HIGH-VOLTAGE STEP-UP TRANSFORMER
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AUTOTRANSFORMER
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A NEGATIVELY CHARGED ELECTRODE THAT PROVIDES A SOURC OF ELECTRONS
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CATHODE
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A RESTRICTING DEVICE USED TO CONTROL THE SIZE OF THE PRIMARY X-RAY BEAM
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COLLIMATOR
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CONTROL PANEL OF THE X-RAY MACHINE
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COSOLE
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AREA OF THE FOCAL SPOT THAT IS VISIBLE THROUGH THE X-RAY TUBE WINDOW AND DIRECTED TOWARD THE X-RAY FILM
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EFFECTIVE FOCAL SPOT
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PART OF A LOW-ENERGYCIRCUIT IN THE CATHODE THAT, WHEN HEATED, RELEASES ELECTRONS FROM THEIR ORBITS
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FILAMENT
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SMALL AREA OF THE TARGET WITH WHICH ELECTRONS COLLIDE ON THE ANODE
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FOCAL SPOT
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A RECESSED AREA WHERE THE FILAMENT LIES, DIRECTING THE ELECTRONS TOWARD THE ANODE
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FOCUSING CUP
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CREATES AN ALMOST CONSTANT ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL ACROSS THE X-RAY TUBE, CONVERTING THE POSITIVE ELECTRICAL CURRENT PULSES TO 120 TIMES PER SECOND COMPARED WITH THE NORMAL RATE OF 60 TIMES PER SECOND
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FULL-WAVE RECTIFICATION
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GLASS VACUUM TUBE THAT CONTAINS THE ANODE AND CATHODE OF THE X-RAY TUBE
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GLASS ENVELOPE
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METHOD OF CONVERTING ALTERNATING TO DIRECT CURRENT IN WHICH HALF OF THE CURRENT IS LOST
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HALF-WAVE RECTIFICATION
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DECREASE OF X-RAY INTENSITY ON THE ANODE SIDE OF THE X-RAY BEAM CAUSED BY THE ANODE TARGET ANGLE
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HEEL EFFECT
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AMOUNT OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY BEING APPLIED TO THE ANODE AND CATHODE TO ACCELERATE THE ELECTRONS FROM CATHODE TO THE ANODE
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KILOVOLTAGE
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PEAK ENERGY OF THE X-RAYS, WHICH DETERMINES THE QUALITY (PENETRATING POWER) OF THE X-RAY BEAM
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KILOVOLTAGE PEAK (kVp)
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EFFECT OF MAKING THE ACTUAL FOCAL SPOT SIZE APPEAR SMALLER WHEN VIEWED FROM THE POSITION OF THE FILM BECAUSE OF THE ANGLE OF THE TARGET TO THE ELECTRON STREAM
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LINE-FOCUS PRINCIPLE
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ADJUSTS THE INCOMING LINE VOLTAGE TO THE AUTOTRANSFORMER SO THAT THE VOLTAGE REMAINS CONSTANT
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LINE-VOLTAGE COMPENSATOR
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AMOUNT OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY BEING APPLIED TO THE FILAMENT. (DESCRIBES THE NUMBER OF X-RAYS PRODUCED DURING THE EXPOSURE)
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MILLIAMPERAGE (mA)
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A METAL COMMONLY USED IN FOCUSING CUPS BECAUSE OF ITS HIGH MELTING POINT AND POOR CONDUCTION OF HEAT
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MOLYBDENUM
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PARTIAL OUTER SHADOW OF AN OBJECT BEING IMAGED BY ILLUMINATION
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PENUMBRA
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PROCESS OF CHANGING ALTERNATING CURRENT TO DIRECT CURRENT
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RECTIFICATION
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AN ANODE THAT TURNS ON AN AXIS TO INCREASE X-RAY PRODUCTION WHILE DISSIPATING HEAT
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ROTATING ANODE
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A NONMOVING ANODE, USUALLY FOUND IN DENTAL AND SMALL PORTABLE RADIOGRAPHY UNITS
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STATIONARY ANODE
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REDUCES THE X-RAY MACHINE INPUT VOLTAGE FROM 110 OR 220 V TO 10 V TO PREVENT BURNOUT OF THE CATHODE FILAMENT
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STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMER
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INCREASES THE INCOMING VOLTAGE OF 110 OR 220 V TO THOUSANDS OF VOLTS
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STEP-UP TRANSFORMER
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ANODE
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TARGET
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CONTROLS THE LENGTH OF EXPOSURE
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TIMER SWITCH
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COMMON METAL USED IN THE FILAMENT OF A CATHODE
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TUNGSTEN
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ALLOW THE FLOW OF ELECTRONS IN 1 DIRECTION ONLY
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VALVE TUBES
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northern sex on the beach
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2 count midori
2 count vodka balance pineapple juice top with chambord serve in a tall glass garnish with a orange and a cherry |
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WHERE ARE X-RAYS GENERATED
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X-RAY TUBE
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WHAT ARER THE 5 ELEMENTS NECESSARY FOR X-RAY PRODUCTION
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1. SOURCE OF ELECTRONS
2. METHOD OF ACCELERATING THE ELECTRONS 3. AN OBSTACLE-FREE PATH FOR THE PASSAGE OF HIGH SPEED ELECTRONS 4. TARGET IN WHICH THE ELECTRONS CAN INTERACT 5. AN ENVELOPE (TUBE) TO PROVIDE A VACUUM ENVIRONMENT |
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WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE CATHODE
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PROVIDE A SOURCE OF ELECTRONS AND DIRECT ELECTRONS TOWARD THE ANODE
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WHAT ARE THE 2 MAIN TYPES OF ANODES
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STATIONARY ANODE AND ROTATING ANODE
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WHERE ARE STATIONARY ANODES FOUND
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DENTAL AND SMALL PORTABLE RADIOGRAPHY UNITS
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WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF X-RAY TUBE FAILURE
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FILAMENT EVAPORATION
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X-RAY TUBE RATING IS BASED ON WHAT 4 FACTORS
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1. FOCAL SPOT SIZE
2. TARGET ANGLE 3. ANODE SPEED 4. ELECTRICAL CURRENT |
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THE WATT (W) IS THE UNIT OF ELECTRIC POWER, WITH THE KILOWATT BEING EQUAL TO HOW MANY WATTS
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1000
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REDUCES SCATTER RADIATION
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COLLIMATION
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WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE X-RAY TUBE
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PRODUCE A CONTROLLED X-RAY BEAM
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WHICH TECHNIQUES SHOULD BE USED AS OFTEN AS POSSIBLE TO PREVENT DAMAGE TO THE ANODE
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HIGH KILOVOLTAGE PEAK (kVp); AND LOW MILLIAMPERAGE-SECOND (mAs)
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WHY DO X-RAY TUBES USUALLY FAIL
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TECHNICAL ERROR
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WHAT ARE THE 5 COMPONENTS OF THE X-RAY MACHINE
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1.TRANSFORMER
2. GENERATOR 3. LINE-VOLTAGE COMPENSATOR 4. TIMER 5. RECTIFIER |
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FILAMENTS LOCATED IN AN X-RAY TUBE EMIT __________ WHEN HEATED
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ELECTRONS
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HOW CAN THE TECHNICIAN HELP PROLONG THE LIFE OF THE FILAMENT IN THE X-RAY TUBE
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ENTER THE PROPER EXPOSURE SETTINGS IN THE CONTROL PANEL BEFORE THE FINAL POSITIONING OF THE ANIMAL
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QUANTITY OF ENERGY IMPARTED BY IONIZING RADIATIONS TO MATTER
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ABSORBED DOSE
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QUANTITY OBTAINED BY MULTIPLYING THE ABSORBED DOSE IN TISSUE BY THE QUALITY FACTOR
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DOSE EQUIVALENT
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DEVICE USED TO MEASURE RADIATION EXPOSURE TO PERSONNEL
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DOSIMETER
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METHOD OF DOSIMETRY CONSISTING OF A PLASTIC HOLDER WITH A RADIATION-SENSITIVE FILM IN A LIGHTPROOF PACKAGE
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FILM BADGE
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SPECIAL RADIOGRAPIC DIAGNOSTIC METHOD IN WHICH A "LIVE VIEW" OF THE INTERNAL ANATOMY IS POSSIBLE
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FLUOROSCOPY
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EFFECTS OF RADIATION THAT OCCUR TO THE GENES OF REPRODUCTIVE CELLS
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GENETIC DAMAGE
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UNIT OF ABSORBED DOSE IMPARTED BY IONIZING RADIATIONS TO MATTER (1 GRAY EQUALS 100 RAD)
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GRAY (Gy)
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ANATOMIC AREAS WHERE RED BLOOD CELLS ARE PRODUCED
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HEMOPOIETIC
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ANATOMIC AREAS WHERE WHITE BLOOD CELLS ARE PRODUCED
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LEUKOPOIETIC
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MAXIMUM DOSE OF RADIATION A PERSON MAY RECEIVE IN A GIVEN TIME PERIOD
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MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE DOSE (MPD)
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METHOD OF DOSIMETRY CONSISTING OF A CHARGED ION CHAMBER AND ELECTROMETER, WHICH CAN BE READ IMMEDIATELY TO DETERMINE THE AMOUNT OF EXPOSURE
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POCKET IONIZATION CHAMBER
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PATH THAT THE X-RAYS FOLLOW AS THEY LEAVE THE TUBE
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PRIMARY BEAM
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COMMONLY CALLED SCATTER RADIATION, CAUSED BY INTERACTION OF THE PRIMARY BEAM WITH OBJECTS IN ITS PATH
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SECONDARY RADIATION
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DOSE OF RADIATION EQUIVALENT TO THE ABSORBED DOSE IN TISSUE
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SIEVERT (Sv)
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DAMAGE TO THE DOBY INDUCED BY RADIATION THAT BECOMES MANIFEST WITHIN THE LIFETIME OF THE RECIPIENT
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SOMATIC DAMAGE
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METHOD OF DOSIMETRY CONSISTING OF A CHAMBER CONTAINING SPECIAL COMPOUNDS THAT BECOME ELECTRICALLY ALTERED BY IONIZING RADIATION
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THERMOLUMINESCENT DOSIMETER (TLD)
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WHAT ARE 6 SAFE RADIATION PROCEDURES THAT EACH FACILITY SHOULD HAVE
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1. ADEQUATE TECHNIQUE CHART OR COMPARABLE SYSTEM
2. POSITIONING AIDS 3. PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AND OTHER PROTECTIVE BARRIERS 4. PERSONNEL DOSIMETRY DEVICES 5. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES FOR MALFUNCTIONING X-RAY EQUIPMENT 6. QUALITY CONTROL MEASUREMENTS AND TESTS |
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___________ DAMAGE IS NOT DETECTABLE UNTIL FURTHER GENERATIONS ARE PRODUCED
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GENETIC
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IS CATARACTS A TYPE OF SOMATIC OR GENETIC DAMAGE CAUSED BY RADIATION
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SOMATIC
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WHAT IS THE UPPER LIMIT OF EXPOSURE THAT AN OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED INDIVIDUAL MAY RECEIVE ACCORDING TO STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATIONS
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0.05 Sv/year
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ARE ANIMALS CELLS AS SUSCEPTIBLE TO DAMAGE FROM IRRADIATION AS HUMAN CELLS
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NO
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A TYPE OF DOSIMETER CAN BE STORED FOR YEARS, MAINTAINS ITS INFORMATION, AND CAN BE REUSED
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THERMOLUMINESCENT DOSIMETER
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FORM OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
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X-RAYS
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ARE THE X-RAYS GONE ONCE YOU HEAR THE BEEP OF THE X-RAY MACHINE INDICATING EXPOSURE
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YES
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WHAT MAKES THE IMAGE
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X-RAYS
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PEICE OF PLASTIC AND EMULSION WITH AN IMAGE ON IT THAT YOU CAN HOLD IN YOUR HAND
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RADIOGRAPH
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WHY IS THE X-RAY TUBE ENCLOSED IN GLASS
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SO A VACUUM CAN BE CREATED
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WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A ROTATING ANODE
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DISSIPATE HEAT MORE QUICKLY AND PREVENT DAMAGE TO THE ANODE
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WHAT 3 THINGS DETERMINE THE AMOUNT OF ABSORPTION OF THE X-RAYS AS THEY PASS THROUGH AN OBJECT
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1. ATOMIC NUMBER OF THE MATERIAL
2. PHYSICAL DENSITY OF THE OBJECT 3. ENERGY OF THE X-RAYS |
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X-RAY TUBE CONSISTS OF A/AN___________ AND A/AN ____________
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ANODE;
CATHODE |
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WHEN YOU TAKE A RADIOGRAPH, DOES IT MAKE THE ITEMS IN THE ROOM RADIOACTIVE
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NO
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RADIATION THAT EMERGES FROM THE MACHINE IN THE DESIRED IMAGE ON THE RADIOGRAPIC FILM
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PRIMARY BEAM
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ANY RADIATION THAT DOESN'T HELP TO MAKE THIS IMAGE
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SCATTER RADIATION
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AN APPARATUS THAT'S LOCATED DIRECTLY UNDER THE X-RAY TUBE
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COLLIMATOR
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WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE COLLIMATOR
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HELP LIMIT THE SIZE OF THE RADIATION BEAM COMING OUT OF THE TUBE AND HITTING THE SUBJECT BELOW
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NAME 2 FUNCTIONS OF THE ADJUSTABLE COLLIMATOR SEEN ON MOST STATIONARY SMALL-ANIMAL MACHINES
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1. LIMIT THE AREA COVERED BY THE PRIMARY BEAM
2. REDUCE SCATTER RADIATION |
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WHAT IS THE COLLIMATOR MADE OF
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LEAD
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WHAT DOES THE CONTROL PANEL DO
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ALLOWS THE OPERATOR TO CONTROL THE X-RAY MACHINE AND ADJUST THE SETTINGS AS NEEDED
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WHAT IS THE MINIMALRADIATION SAFETY PROTECTION NECESSARY WHEN IN THE ROOM DURING THE X-RAY EXPOSURE
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GOWNS AND GLOVES OF 0.5mm LEAD EQUIVALENT
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WHAT IS THE FILM BADGE USED FOR
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MONITOR HOW MUCH RADIATION THE WORKER IS EXPOSED TO IN A GIVEN PERIOD OF TIME
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WHAT 2 GROUPS OF PEOPLE THAT SHOULD NEVER BE ALLOWED IN THE RADIATION AREA
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1. UNDER 18
2. PREGNANT |
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WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRIMARY AND SCATTER RADIATION
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PRIMARY RADIATION IS FOUND IN THE X-RAY BEAM LEAVING THE MACHINE
SCATTER RADIATION IS ANY RADIATION FOUND OUTSIDE THE PRIMARY BEAM |
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EXPLAIN HOW RETAKES INCREASE THE WORKER'S RADIATION EXPOSURE
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YOU ARE EXPOSED TO TWICE AS MUCH RADIATION AS HE OR SHE WOULD HAVE BEEN EXPOSED TO
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TYPE OF RADIATION DAMAGE SHOWED UP WITHIN THE LIFETIME OF THE RECIPIENT
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SOMATIC
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RADIATION THAT CHANGES DIRECTION WHEN IT HITS THE PATIENT OR TABLE
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SCATTER RADIATION
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WHAT IS THE BEST WAY TO REDUCE OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO RADIATION
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RESTRAIN PATIENTS BOTH MECHANICALLY AND WITH SEDATIVES OR ANESTHETICS DURING EXPOSURE OF RADIOGRAPHS
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CONTROL USED TO MANUALLY ADJUST THE TRANSFORMER TO COMPENSATE FOR INCONSISTENT ELECTRICAL OUTPUT
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VOLTAGE COMPENSATOR
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WHAT IS THE THICKNESS REQUIREMENT FOR RADIOGRAPHIC PROTECTIVE APPAREL IS ________ LEAD EQUIVALENT
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.5 mm
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WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF X-RAY TUBE FAILURE
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FILAMENT EVAPORATION
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WHAT IS THE SAFEST WAY TO RESTRAIN AN ANIMAL DURING RADIOGRAPHY
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SANDBAGS
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HELPS US TO CENTER THE X-RAY BEAM USING LIGHT
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COLLIMATOR
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X-RAYS ARE A TYPE OF
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ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
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WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE ALUMINUM FILTER, LOCATED BETWEEN THE X-RAY TUBE AND THE COLLIMATOR
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ELIMINATES THE SOFT X-RAYS
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AREA HIT BY ELECTRONS AFTER THEY PASS ACROSS THE X-RAY TUBE IS CALLED
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TARGET
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DUE TO THE HEEL EFFECT, THE THICKEST PART OF AN ANIMAL'S ABDOMEN SHOULD BE PLACED WHERE
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UNDER THE CATHODE SIDE OF THE TUBE
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TO HELP DISSIPATE HEAT, THE X-RAY TUBE CONTAINS
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OIL
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CHANGING THE ANODE TARGET ANGLE FROM 20 DEGREES TO 15 DEGREES WILL
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INCREASE THE HEEL EFFECT
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A RADIOGRAPH IS AN
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IMAGE
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WHAT ARE RADIATION LOGS
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RADIATION LOGS HELP TRACK TECHNIQUES USED ON REPEAT PATIENTS AND RADIATION EXPOSURE OF STAFF
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WHAT IS THE RECOMMENDED WAY TO CHECK LEAD SAFETY APPAREL
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RADIOGRAPH IT AT LEAST ANNUALLY
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IN THE X-RAY MACHINE, THE PARTICLES THAT ARE EMITTED BY THE HEATED FILAMENT ARE CALLED
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ELECTRONS
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