Ch 1 & 2 Reinforcement

Front 1

Task Analysis

Back 1

Views problems as tasks and breaks down the task into components, which are then broken down into smaller components

-must be concrete

Front 2

Be concrete

Back 2

-always pinpoint specific behaviors
-when you deal with a behavioral problem, specify exactly what behavior you want to change

Front 3

Feedback

Back 3

Tell them what they have done right and what they have done wrong

Front 4

Reinforcer

Back 4

-Any stimulus, event, or condition
-Whose presentation immediately follows a response
-And increases the frequency of that response

Hint 4

3 things

Front 5

How immediate is immediate?

Back 5

0 second rule

-the direct effect of reinforcers drops off quickly as you increase the delay, up to 60 seconds

Front 6

Assumed Reinforcers

Back 6

Just because you call something a reinforcer, doesn't make it one

Front 7

Behavior

Back 7

-anything a dead man can't do
-behavior is anything an animal does
-a muscle, glandular, or electrical activity
-behavior = response

Hint 7

4

Front 8

Behavior analysis

Back 8

the study of the behavior of human beings and other animals

-"the study of the operation of the principles of behavior with both human beings and other animals"

Front 9

Behavior analyst

Back 9

a person who studies the operation of the principles of behavior

-do not have to be psychologists
-often work as performance managers

Front 10

Performance managers

Back 10

people trained in the principles of behavior

e.g. coaches, clinicians, animal trainers, social workers, etc

Front 11

Repertoire

Back 11

"your bag of tricks"

-a set of skills
-what a person or animal can do

Front 12

Behavioral intervention

Back 12

the use of a behavioral procedure

Front 13

Reinforcement principle

Back 13

a response will occur more frequently if a reinforcer or an increase in a reinforcer has immediately followed it in the past

Front 14

Reinforcement Contingency

Back 14

-the immediate
-response contingent
-presentation of
-a reinforcer
-resulting in an increased frequency of that response

Hint 14

5 things

Front 15

What does "response-contingent" mean?

Back 15

it means "caused by the response/behavior" or "produced by the response/behavior"

Front 16

Outcome Gradient

Back 16

-the effect of reinforcement and punishment procedures decrease
-as the delay between the response and the outcome increases.
-Reinforcers and aversive conditions delayed more than 60 seconds
-have little or no reinforcing or punishing effect

Hint 16

4

Front 17

Generic reinforcement contingency

Back 17

Before condition = no reinforcer
Behavior = response
After condition = reinforcer

Front 18

Contingent

Back 18

To be dependent on or to be caused by:

-the occasion for a response,
-the response
-or the outcome of the response

Front 19

Occasion

Back 19

a stimulus, event, or condition in the presence of which a particular response (behavior) will produce a particular outcome

-not the same as "before"

Front 20

Noncontingent Event

Back 20

an event that is not dependent on anything

Front 21

Environmental-quality general rule

Back 21

you can increase the frequency of ENTERING A SETTING by putting more reinforcers in that setting, but you will have to make some reinforcers contingent on productive behavior if you want to increase productivity in that setting

Front 22

Can a reinforcer precede a behavior?

Back 22

No. A reinforcer must follow a behavior.

Front 23

Bribery

Back 23

Involves the use of reinforcers for immoral or illegal deeds

Front 24

The They "Should Ought" to Want to Do It

Back 24

People don't want to reward other people for doing what they think they should do anyways, but that is a false morality

-it doesn't hurt to reinforce good behavior, it only helps

Front 25

Skinner Box

Back 25

A test chamber with a response device and a source of reinforcers

e.g. rat in hot box deprived of water; level in box provides a drop of water

Front 26

Circular reasoning

Back 26

the only proof you have is the existence of the thing you're trying to prove

Front 27

The error of Reification

Back 27

to call a process or activity a thing

Front 28

Subjectivity

Back 28

-The observation,
-measurement,
-or criteria for measurement
-are NOT assessable to more than one person

Independent observers cannot reliably agree on the measurement

Hint 28

4

Front 29

Objectivity

Back 29

-The observation,
-measurement,
-or critera for measurement
-are accessible to any competent observer

Hint 29

4 things

Front 30

Interobserver Reliability

Back 30

the reliable agreement between independent observers based on objective measures and observations

Front 31

Medical Model Myth

Back 31

-An erroneous view of human behavior --
-That behavior is always a mere symptom of
-an underlying psychological condition

Hint 31

3

Front 32

Don't Say Rule

Back 32

With any organisms, don't say "wants"

With nonverbal organisms, don't say:
expects, knows, thinks, figureous, in order to, trying to, makes the connection, associates, learns that, imagines, understands

Front 33

What should you reinforce?

Back 33

Behavior, not people.

Front 34

What is the difference between "reinforcer" and "reinforcement"?

Back 34

A reinforcer is a stimulus or event (or thing) that will increase the likelihood of responses it immediately follows; one component of the process.

Reinforcement describes the whole scene; the process or procedure of reinforcing a response

Front 35

Baseline

Back 35

-The phase of an experiment or intervention
-where the behavior is measured
-in the absence of an intervention