Ch 1-2

Front 1

Incas

Back 1

originated in the Cuzco area that were led by Patchacuti during the twelve hundreds.

Front 2

Mayas

Back 2

Mesoamerican civilization who was known for their written language and the establishment of the calendar

Front 3

Aztecs

Back 3

ethnic group from central Mexicowho dominated most of Mesoamerica in the 14th 15th 16th centuries.The capital is Tenochtitlan .

Front 4

Chaco Canyon

Back 4

was a major center of culture for the ancient pueblos people.Many sculptures and large buildings still remain.

Front 5

Leif Erikson

Back 5

a norse explorer who was known to be the first European to land in north America

Front 6

Prince Henry the Navigator

Back 6

prince of the Portuguese Empire in the 1400s , in charge of maritime trade and the beginning of exploration

Front 7

Christopher Columbus

Back 7

navigator and explorer who led voyages to the western hemisphere in 1492

Front 8

Ferdinand Magellan

Back 8

a Portuguese explorer who serve for Charles the first of Spain in search of a western route to find the Spice Islands

Front 9

conquistadors

Back 9

soldiers , explorers who brought the Americas under Spanish rule in the 15th century

Front 10

Cortes

Back 10

spanish conquistador who caused the decline of the aztec calendar and brought them under the rule of king of castile.

Front 11

Francisco Pizarro

Back 11

spanish coqueror in the 14 hundreds , also conquered the Incan empire

Front 12

St Augustine

Back 12

Pedro Menendez de Aviles was the founder of st. augustine

Front 13

ecomiendas

Back 13

a labor system implied by the spanish crown during the colonization of the Americas

Front 14

Pueblo revolt 1680

Back 14

an uprising by many pueblos against the colonization of the Americas

Front 15

Mestizo

Back 15

people mixed with European and Amerindian ancestry

Front 16

John Cabot

Back 16

an Italian navigator who discovered North America in his voyages during the 15th century

Front 17

Richard Hakluyt

Back 17

an English writer who promoted the settlements in North America through his thoughts

Front 18

Doctrine of Predestination

Back 18

a doctrine of Calvinism which deals with the question of control God exercises over the world

Front 19

The English Reformation

Back 19

events in the 16th century in which the church of england separated from the authority of the pope.

Front 20

John Calvin

Back 20

a French theologian during the Protestant Reformation , and developed a christian theology called Calvinism

Front 21

Puritan Separists

Back 21

radical puritans who in the 16th century advocated a thourogh reform

Front 22

Elizabeth the 1

Back 22

daughter of Henry the eigth who supported the church of England

Front 23

coureours de bois

Back 23

an individual engaged in the fur trade without permission of the French authority

Front 24

New Amsterdam

Back 24

Dutch colonial settlement in the 17th century.served as a capital of New Netherland and later called New York city

Front 25

West India Company

Back 25

consists of Dutch merchants .they established a charter for the west indies

Front 26

Sir Walter Raleigh

Back 26

an English aristocrat who was known for popularising tobacco in England

Front 27

Roanoke

Back 27

an independent city in southern U.S

Front 28

JAMES the 1

Back 28

the king of England and Ireland who ruled under harsh rule.

Front 29

Jamestown

Back 29

the first permanent English settlement in the U.S

Front 30

John Smith

Back 30

an english soldier who founded the first permanent colony of Jamestown

Front 31

Lord de Lawar

Back 31

an englishmen in the16th century was named after a state , river , aand bay

Front 32

Tobacco

Back 32

was the main crop that was being exported to the colonies

Front 33

Virginia Company

Back 33

english joint stock companies established to make settlements on the north american coast.

Front 34

headright system

Back 34

a legal grant to settlers by the head count

Front 35

Pauhatans

Back 35

the name of a virginia tribe who dominated in that region

Front 36

Maryland and the Calverts

Back 36

the colonization of the Calverts began to settle in 1634

Front 37

proprietary rule

Back 37

in which proprietors in business own proprety such as slaves in the 17th century

Front 38

toleration act

Back 38

a law mandating religious tolerance and passed on April 21 , 1649

Front 39

Bacon's rebellion

Back 39

first rebellion in American colonies over native raids on the frontiers

Front 40

Mayflower compact

Back 40

first g.overnment document in the Plymouth colony signed by the passengers of the voyage

Front 41

William Bradford

Back 41

english leader of the Plymouth colony and was elected to be governor several times

Front 42

colonial currency

Back 42

the currency was not abundant due to the few that were minted in that time period

Front 43

John Winthrop

Back 43

led a group of puritans to the new world as well as other wealthy puritans

Front 44

theocratic society

Back 44

a form of government in which God is the main ruler of the states supreme

Front 45

Roger Williams

Back 45

the first american proponent of religious freedom and the separation of the state and church

Front 46

Anne Hutchinson

Back 46

a pioneer settler who held bible studies for women and was very social

Front 47

Pequot war

Back 47

a conflict between the Pequot tribe, and the results was the elimination of them and enslavement

Front 48

King Philips War

Back 48

one of the bloodiest wars in North America between native americans and the English

Front 49

the Narragansetts

Back 49

an Algonquian native tribe from Rhode Island

Front 50

English civil war

Back 50

a series of conflicts between Parliamentarians and Royalists from 1642-1651

Front 51

middle colonies

Back 51

New Jersey , Pennsylvania , New York . and Delaware all part of British colonies

Front 52

Quakers ,

Back 52

a range of independent organizations in the 17th century which all rely on Christian movement

Front 53

William Penn

Back 53

an entreprenuer who was the founder and absolute proprietor of the Providence of Pennsylvania

Front 54

Charter of Liberties

Back 54

a written proclomation by Henry 1 of England, and sought to certain laws regarding against church officials and nobles

Front 55

Black codes

Back 55

were laws passed on the state and local level against African Americans

Front 56

Holy experiment

Back 56

an attempt by the quakers to establish themselves a community in Pennsylvania

Front 57

James Oglethorpe

Back 57

british general and founder of the colony of georgia

Front 58

Navigational Acts

Back 58

laws that restricted foreign trade and the shipment must pass through england

Front 59

Sir Edmond Andros

Back 59

an English governor in North America and leader of the dominion of England

Front 60

GloriousRrevolution

Back 60

purpose was to over throw King James II of england in 1688

Front 61

John Locke

Back 61

was on of the most enlightened thinkers of liberalism