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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bit
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Binary Digits- represents data using techniques that can be set to one of two states. Each state is set to a 1 or 0. Represent, process and store data.
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Byte
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Group of eight bits (256 combos.) (2^8)
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Information as compared to data
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Data->Processing->Info.
leads to knowlegable worker |
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Computer, PC, Tablet Comp.
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Combo. of hardware and sorftware to input, process and store data. PC and tablet are mobile so profit in bus.
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Network
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Telecomm. network that connects two or more computers (electronic over a distance) (wireless-wifi uses radio waves)
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Server
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Lg. comp. that powers network systems and internet services. Provide info. to users over network. Run 24/7. Each service needs a server
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Server Types
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Midrange- serves dozens to hundreds of users at a time
Mainframe- serves hundreds to thousands of users at a time. |
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Internet
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lgest public comp. network provides an array of services
ISP rented from companies |
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World Wide Web
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Internet service that provides convenient access to info. through hyperlinks (oobject in web doc. ised to access related info.)
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Artificial Intelligence
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(AI) Deals with simulating human thought and behavior in computers
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Robotic Technology
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Branch of AI that empowers comp. to contol machanical devices to perform tasks that require a high degree of prescision or are tedious or hazardous.
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Digital (Multi)Media
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Music, video, graphic art, animations, 3D graphics stored and proccessed in digital format
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Network Protocal
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Rules that allow two or more comps. to communicate over a network w/o collision
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Networked economy and business
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Minimizes gap btw lg. and sm. companies
Consuers converge to company website and not vice versa Time is sacrce more than capital (optimize and get more investors) |
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Computer based information system
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System that makes use of hardware, software, databases, telecomms., people, and procedures to manage and distribute digital info.
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System Clock
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Produces electrical pulses at a predetermined rate called click speed. Sychronizes comp. operations
Like heart each tick=machine cyle More clicks= faster process of instructions each sec. |
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Wordlength
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Num. of bits a CPU can process at once
MIPS-millionns of instructions per sec. (time to execute instruction) FLOPS- Floating point operations per second (more precise) |
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Ubiquitous Computing
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when tech. becomes an integral part of our living so poeple don't notice it. Comp. are used in all aspects of human activities
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Operating system
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Compared to human nervous system
(MAC or Windows) |
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Hardware
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Tangible components of a comp. system or digital device
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Firewall
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Protects from hackers and intruders
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We digitize media...
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(video, audio,pics) to be able to store then digital files and process them.
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Smart Phones
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have embedded comp. that allow bus. people to read and send email and link their comps. and comp. systems
(Op. system always resident in memory so not very big) |
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Docking Station
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used to accomodate a smart phone and sychronizes to the comp. in order to update the bus. files
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ASCII
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Am. Standard Code for Info. Interchange-code representing keyboard text characters
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EBCDIC
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Extended binary Code Decimal Interchange Code- English and western lang.
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Unicode
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Other langs. uses 2 bytes (65,000 codes)
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Convergence
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when several technologies are available in one single machine. Like smart phones.
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RAM
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Random Access Memory- temp. holds data before itis processed (typing)
Volitile (temp.) storage |
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CMOS
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Complimentary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor- Semi-permanent storage for info. that may change
Uses battery power Keeps accurate time and date even when comp. is off |
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ROM
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Read-Only Memory- provides permanent storage for data and instructions
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Machine Cycle
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Two phases:
Instruction-fetch(data) and decode(control unit translate to commands) Execution-Execute(ALU execute command) and store(write to memory Registers in middle |
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Grid Computing
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Allows all comps. of a company to team up (over network) in processing the same application (also called clustering)
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CD-ROM, DVD, and optical Technology
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Compact Disk Read-Only-optical media that stores up to 700MB of data
Digital Video Disk-Backward-compatible with CD-ROMs Both use optical laser to burn pits into the surface of a highly reflective disk |
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Magnetic Technology
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Spread magnetic particle over meduim to represent data
Stores more permanently than RAM Stores vast quantities (Floppys, microdrives, credit cards) |
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Solid State Technology
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Store data using transistors
secondary doesnt need electricity (Flash memory) |
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Input and Output media and devices
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Input-captures and enters raw data(keyboard, mouse trackballs, tablets, micorphone, gaming, digital cameras, webcams)
Output-observe the results of comp. processing (plasma, HD display, projector, printers, sound systems) |
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Pipelining
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CPU Executes new instructions before completing the first one=faster machine cycle
(RD-RAM and DDR-SRAM) |
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Parallel processing
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Links several microprocessors to operate faster in parallel to execute program (microproc. =CPU circuits to process info.)
Uses special software to divide problem and put results together |
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Massive Parallel Processing
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(MPP) usus hundreds or thousands of processors operating together
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Co-Processing
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Special-purpose processors that speed processing to help main processor carry out specific tasks (FLOPS)
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Duel Core Processor
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Uses two CPUs on one chip that work together to provide twice the speed
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USB and Firewire technology
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uses transistors (component that opens or closes a circuit to alter the flow of electricity to store and manipulate bits) to store data
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New Information System design...
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usually starts with the determining of needs of workstation
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Redundant Array of Independent Disks
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(RAID) storage-uses a second system of disks to maintain a backup copy of the data stored on the primary disks (when you have server and hardisks stop working)
Mirroring-one backup disk for each disk Striping- stores data accross multiple disks |
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Storage Area Network
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(SAN)-Links together many storage devices over a network and treats them as one large disk
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VoIP
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Vioce Over Internet Protocal-technology that allows phone conversations to travel over the internet or other data networks
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System Software
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Tell HOW to function and process data (directed to comp.)
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Application software
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tells comp. WHAT to do (people use this)
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DVD and CD amount of storage
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DVD can store permanently over 4 gigabytes of data
CD less than 0.7 gigabytes |
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HD
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is magnetic storage meduim that uses read write heads (credit cards and gift cards have magnetic storage media)
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Embedded computers
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(microcontrollers) smarphones, wipers, auto doord, elevators.
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A Newtork connects
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two or more comps. that must use th same protocal to communicate
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Computers help in ...
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Sports, arts, medicine, law enforcement.
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Faster Processors...
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have enabled comps. to perform highly sophisticated tasks such as speech recognition
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ALU and control unit
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Arithmetic/logic unit- uses registers to perform calculations
Control Unit-supervises all the processor work |
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Disk Cache
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high-speed memory used by processor to store frequently used items
Processor->cache->RAM->hardisk |
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Digital Electronics Device
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store and process bits electronically
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Flash Memory uses...
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transistors to store data w/o any need for moving parts
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