Cfmp Heart/lung Diseases

Front 1

Asthma

Back 1

CC: Dyspnea, cough, noisy breathing
Onset: hours to days
Key: Worse in spring, night, exertion, early morning. Mucus plugs with thick sputum. Episodic polyphonic wheeze
Other Sxs: chest tightness, cough, wheeze, pursed lip breathing.

Front 2

Pulmonary Oedema (PE) (left-sided Heart failure)

Back 2

CC: Dyspnea, haemoptysis
Onset: slow progression through weeks.
Key: Orthopnea, ankle oedema, pink frothy sputum. Hx of heart disease.
Other Sxs: cough, wheeze, sharp leuritic pain, fever. Gallops, murmurs.
Findings: Late insp. crackles in early PE.

Front 3

Pneumonia

Back 3

CC: Cough, dyspnea
Onset: acute over few days
Key Sxs: exposure Hx. Thick yellow sputum.
Other Sxs: Worse with exertion. Egophony (A to E).

Front 4

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD)

Back 4

CC: Dyspnea
Onset: months to years
Key Sxs: exacerbated with irritant exposure. Hx of smoking. Occupational/familial.
Other sxs: pursed lip breathing.

Front 5

Pleurisy ("devil's grip")

Back 5

CC: chest pain
Onset: acute
Key Sxs: worse with deep inspiration
Other Sxs: severe, sharp, stabbing pain.
Pathology: inflammation of parietal pleura; viral or pneumonia caused.

Front 6

Myocardial

Back 6

CC: Chest Pain
Onset: minutes to hours
Key Sxs: radiating pain to jaw or left arm. Relief with NTG, rest.
Other Sxs: Dull chest pressure or tightness.

Front 7

Neuritis (Herpes Zoster; Shingles)

Back 7

CC: Chest pain
Onset: intermittent bouts of shooting pain lasting secs to mins.
Key Sxs: Dermatomal distribution, shock-like pain. Worsens with light touch but NOT respiration.

Front 8

Musculoskeletal chest pain

Back 8

CC: chest pain
Onset: variable
Key Sxs: pain waxes and wanes, worsens with motion, pressure. Hx of trauma.

Front 9

Viral Croup

Back 9

CC: cough
Onset:
Key Sxs: Dry barky stridor (upper airway infection). Relief with cool, moist air.

Front 10

Post Nasal Drainage

Back 10

CC: cough
Onset: chronic with seasonal variation
Key Sxs: clear, purulent sputum, triggered by irritants.

Front 11

Gastro-oesophageal Reflux

Back 11

CC: cough
Onset: chronic
Key Sxs: non-productive cough; throat-clearing, heartburn
Other Sxs: May awaken from sleep; morning/nocturnal.

Front 12

Lung Cancer

Back 12

CC: Haemoptysis
Onset: Sudden or intermittent production of flecks.
Key Sxs: Hx of smoking.
Other Sxs: pain less common. Weight loss, anorexia, dyspnea.

Front 13

Epistaxis (nosebleed)

Back 13

CC: Haemoptysis.
Onset:
Key Sxs: May be large volume. Hx of trauma, HTN.

Front 14

Bronchitis

Back 14

CC: Haemoptysis
Onset: chronic or acute.
Key Sxs: Resp. infection with blood-streaked sputum.
Other: Chronic form assoc. with smoking, wheeze, dyspnea.

Front 15

Tracheomalacia (collapse of trachea)

Back 15

CC: noisy breathing
Onset: chronic
Key Sxs: stridor during inspiration, common in infants or after airway injury. Worse with ↑'d resp. effort.

Front 16

Foreign Body Aspiration

Back 16

CC: noisy breathing
Onset: acute
Key Sx: monophoic wheezing
Other Sx: cough, signs of infxn, Hx of choking/vomitting, loss of consciousness.

Front 17

Snoring

Back 17

CC: noisy breathing
Onset: chronic
Key Sx: sonorous upper airway/throat noise with inspiration.
Other Sx: Assoc. nasal congestion, obesity, sleep disruption

Front 18

Consolidation

Back 18

CC:
Path.: Alveoli filled with fluid or blood cells, as in pneumonia, PE, hemorrhage.
Key findings: Late insp. crackles, ↑ fremitus

Front 19

Atelectasis

Back 19

CC:
Path.: Plug in mainstream bronchus obstructs air. Affected area collapses into airless state.
Key findings: no breath sounds (unless one-sided), no fremitus.

Front 20

Pleural Effusion

Back 20

CC:
Path: Fluid accumulates into pleural space.
Key Findings: ↓'d to absent breath sounds, possible pleural rub, ↓'d to absent fremitus

Front 21

Pneumothorax

Back 21

Path: air leaks into pleural space, usu. unilat.
Key Findings: ↓'d to absent breath sounds, possible pleural rub, ↓'d to absent fremitus (same as for pleural effusion)

Front 22

Laryngitis

Back 22

Cough: dry
Sputum: absent
Onset: acute
Assoc.: viral nasopharyngitis.

Front 23

Tracheobronchitis

Back 23

Cough: dry
Sputum: variable
Onset: acute
Assoc: often viral; burning retrosternal discomfort.

Front 24

Mycoplasma/Febrile Pneumonias

Back 24

Cough: Dry, hacking
Sputum: mucoid
Onset: acute
Assoc: febrile illness with malaise, heachache, dyspnea.

Front 25

Bacterial Pneumonias

Back 25

Cough:
Sputum: mucoid/purulent, may be blood-streaked.
Onset: acute
Assoc: high fever, chills, dyspnea, chest pain.

Front 26

Bronchiectasis

Back 26

Cough: chronic
Sputum: mucoid/purulent, often copious and foul-smelling.
Onset: chronic
Assoc: smoking. Wheezing, dyspnea.

Front 27

Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Back 27

Cough: Dry
Sputum: mucoid/purulent, may be blood-streaked.
Onset:
Assoc: anorexia, wit loss, fatigue, fever, night sweats

Front 28

Lung Abscess

Back 28

Cough:
Sputum: purulent, foul-smelling. May be blood-streaked.
Onset:
Assoc: febrile; poor dental hygiene. Loss of consciousness.

Front 29

Pulmonary Emboli

Back 29

Cough: dry to productive
Sputum: dark, bright red, or mixed with blood.
Onset: dyspnea, anxiety, chest pain, fever, DVT.
Assoc:

Front 30

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND)

Back 30

CC: Dyspnea
Onset: Sudden after a few hours of comfortable sleep.

Front 31

Angina Pectoris

Back 31

CC: Chest pain
Onset: Sudden
Features: Resolves with rest. Usu. left-sided, extends to middle of left arm.

Front 32

Palpitations

Back 32

Def.: Abnormal awareness of heart beat

Front 33

Syncope

Back 33

Def.: Abrupt los of conscious postural tone.
Mech: ↓ cerebral blood flow.

Front 34

dysphagia

Back 34

Difficulty swallowing

Notes: Solids vs. liquids (solids easier in achalasia), position.

Front 35

polyphagia

Back 35

excessive eating

Notes: Uncontrolled diabetes, malabsorption, anorexia nervosa.

Front 36

odynophagia

Back 36

painful swallowing

Oesophagitis?

Front 37

Haematemesis

Back 37

vomitting blood

blood vs. coffee grind; peptic ulcer, gastritis, oesophageal tear, oesophagitis, neoplasm, oesophageal varices.

Front 38

dyspepsia

Back 38

indigestion

Front 39

eructation

Back 39

belching

Front 40

borborygmi

Back 40

rumbling bowel sounds. Little clinical significance.

Front 41

bloating/flatulence

Back 41

Causes: malabsorption, bacterial overgrowth, obstruction, overeating.

Front 42

colic

Back 42

spasmodic abdominal pain; crescendo/descrescendo pattern.

Causes: obstruction, erratic peristalsis.

Front 43

Steatorrhea

Back 43

fatty stools

Cause: usu. fat malabsorption.

Front 44

scybala

Back 44

small, hard rounnded masses of stool; little clinical significance.

Front 45

haematochezia

Back 45

blood in stool

Causes: hemorrhoids, early sign of colon cancer.

Front 46

melena

Back 46

black stool from digested blood.

Causes: significant blood loss.

Front 47

tensemus

Back 47

rectal pain

Causes: proctitis, spasms from irritable bowel syndrome

Front 48

hemorrhoids

Back 48

Internal: will bleed, not palpable. May prolapse. Usually no discomfort.

External: visible, painful at times.