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CFA Level 3 SS 4


Accrual taxes

Accrual taxes-paid periodically (1+R(1-T))^N


Compounding makes taxes as % of total gain Greater than stated tax rate.


Tax drag$=Before tax gain-After tax gain


Tax Drag %= Tax Drag$/ Total no taxes gain

CFA Level 3 SS 4


Accrual taxes

Tax drag > Tax rate


Increasing R increases tax drag$


Increasing R increases tax drag%


Increasing time horizon increases tax drag $ and %

CFA level 3 ss 4


Deffered caputal gain taxes

FVCGT=$1000((1+0.1)^2(1-0.3)+0.3))=1000((1+0.1)^2(1-0.3)+1000*(0.3)


We add back taxes of invested money, as it is already taxed.


Value of tax deferral is difference between after CG tax and after accrual tax.

CFA level 3 ss 4


Deffered caputal gain taxes

Tax drag % in this case is always constant = Capital gain tax rate=> Tax drag% = Tax rate


Investment horizon increases => tax drag is unchanged


Investment return increases => tax drag unchanged


Investment horizon increases => value of tax deferral increases


Investment return increases => value of tax deferral increases

CFA level 3 ss 4


Deffered caputal gain taxes

If cost basis is different than current market value, then we add Cost basis*CGT to the formula instead of adding market value*CGT

CFA level 3 ss 4


Wealth based taxes

Wealth based taxes are based on principal and return together.


Tax drag $ and % increases as horizon increases


Tax drag $ increases, tax drag% decreases whena return increases


Tax drag% > tax rate