Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
1. What symptom in a pt with an asthma exacerbation is particularly worrisome?
|
a. Drowsiness
b. It indicates impending respiratory failure. c. Also Paucity of wheezes results from severe airway obstruction and reduced air movement. d. Wheezing is likely to increase as therapy allows more air movement |
|
|
2. When is Asthma diagnosed?
|
a. Episodic symptoms of airflow obstruction are present
b. Airflow obstruction is at least partially reversible c. Alternative diagnoses are excluded |
|
|
3. Asthma Exacerbation?
|
a. Characterized by the triad of bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation, and mucus plugging.
|
|
|
4. Pulsus paradoxus?
|
a. A blood pressure that varies more widely w/respiration than normal.
b. A variance of greater than 10 mm Hg between inspiration and expiration suggests obstructive airway disease, pericardial tamponade, or constrictive pericarditis. |
|
|
5. Spirometry?
|
a. A test of pulmonary function.
b. For patients w/asthma, this test demonstrates reversibility and can be used to determine an individual’s response to treatment. |
|
|
6. Median age of onset of Asthma?
|
a. 4 yrs old, but 20% of children develop sx w/in first yr of life.
|
|
|
7. Risk factors for developing Asthma?
|
a. Atopy and a family hx of asthma are strong risk factors for its development, as is respiratory infections early in life.
b. Between 40-50% of children w/respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis later develop asthma. |
|
|
8. What condition might be a harbinger of asthma?
|
a. Chronic night time cough.
|
|
|
9. What is airway inflammation in asthma the result of?
|
a. Mast cell activation.
b. An immediate IgE response to environmental triggers occurs w/I 15-30 minutes and includes vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, smooth-muscle constriction, and mucus secretion. |
|
|
10. What drugs can trigger asthma?
|
a. Β-adrenergic antagonists (β-blockers)
b. Some NSAIDs |
|
|
11. What happens in Asthma 2-4 hours after the acute response?
|
a. A late-phase reaction (LPR) begins.
b. The LPR is characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells into the airway parenchyma. c. It is responsible for the chronic inflammation seen in asthma. d. Airway hyperresponsiveness may persist for weeks after the LPR. |
|
|
12. Rx for Asthma?
|
a. Β-adrenergic agonists (ie, albuterol) rapidly reverse bronchoconstriction via β2-receptors on bronchial smooth muscle cells; they do not significantly inhibit the LPR.
b. Anticholinergics c. Cromoyln and nedocromil. d. Leukotriene modifiers |
|
|
13. MOA of leukotriene modifiers?
|
a. Safe and effective anti-inflammatory medications for long-term control for some pts.
|
|
|
14. MOA of Anticholinergics for asthma?
|
a. May be useful in the acute management of asthma exacerbation but are of little value in chronic therapy.
b. They work by inhibiting the vagal reflex at smooth muscles. |
|
|
15. Cromolyn and Nedocromil?
|
a. Anti-inflammatory drugs that act by reducing the immune response to allergen exposure.
b. Become effective after 2-4 weeks of therapy. c. They are successful in only 75% of pts. |
|
|
16. When in addition to an acute attack can β-adrenergic agonists be used?
|
a. These agents can also be used immediately prior to exercise or exposure to allergens to minimize the acute asthmatic response.
|
|
|
17. β-adrenergic agonists SE?
|
a. Tachycardia and muscle tremor.
|
|
|
18. Most potent anti-inflammatory drugs for asthma?
|
a. Corticosteroids
|
|
|
19. Utility of corticosteroids for Asthma?
|
a. Useful for acute exacerbations (oral or IV prednisone or prednisolone)
b. Chronic therapy (inhaled corticosteroids). |
|
|
20. Why may increased wheezing be auscultated after administration of albuterol?
|
a. Bc lung areas previously obstructed are now opening.
|
|
|
21. Common causes of bronchiolitis in infants?
|
a. RSV and influenza
|
|
|
22. What is the late phase reaction of asthma due to?
|
a. Accumulation of inflammatory cells in the airway.
|
|
|
23. Complete
|
23. Complete
|
