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19 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
1. Cerebral Palsy?
a. A disorder of movement and posture that results from an insult to or anomaly of the immature CNS.
b. This definition recognizes the central origin of the dysfunction, thus distinguishing it from neuropathies and myopathies.
2. Developmental Delay?
a. Failure of a child to reach developmental milestones of gross motor, fine motor, language, and social-adaptive skills at anticipated ages.
3. Neurologic Deficit?
a. Abnormal functioning or lack of function of a part of the nervous system.
4. Most common childhood movement disorder?
a. Cerebral Palsy.
5. Symptoms associated w/Cerebral Palsy?
a. 1/3 also have seizures
b. 2/3 are mentally retarded.
c. Deafness, visual impairments
d. Swallowing difficulty w/concomitant aspiration
e. Limb sensory impairments
f. Behavioural disturbances
6. What does Cerebral Palsy most likely result from?
a. Antenatal insults.
b. Difficulties during the pregnancy, delivery, and the perinatal period are thought to reflect these insults and are probably NOT the primary cause of CP.
7. Does cerebral palsy or “static encephalopathy” result from a one-time insult or a chronicity of things?
a. It is the result of a one-time CNS insult.
b. In contrast, progressive encephalopathies destroy brain function w/time.
c. The term “static” is misleading, however, bc the manifestations of CP change w/age.
8. Contracture and postural deformities in CP?
a. May become more severe or may improve w/therapy.
9. When is CP usually diagnosed?
a. Usually when a child fails to meet milestones.
b. Immaturity of the CNS at birth makes diagnosis of CP nearly impossible in a neonate.
c. If a CNS insult is suspected, head imaging (by U/S or MRI) can be helpful in diagnosing CP early.
10. Possible imaging findings of CP?
a. Periventricular leukomalacia
b. Atrophy
c. Focal infarctions.
11. Examples of concerning findings suspicious for cerebral palsy?
a. A stepping response after age 3 months
b. A Moro reflex beyond 6 months
c. An asymmetrical tonic neck reflex beyond 6 months.
12. Hemiplegia Cerebral palsy?
a. Refers to involvement of a single lateral side of the body, w/greater impairment of the upper extremities than the lower extremities.
13. Diplegia Cerebral palsy?
a. Describes four-limb involvement, w/greater impairment of the lower extremities
14. Spastic quadriplegia Cerebral palsy?
a. 4-limb involvement w/significant impairment of all extremities, although the upper limbs may be less impaired than lower limbs.
15. Note: the term paraplegia is reserved for spinal and lower motor neuron disorders.
15. Note: the term paraplegia is reserved for spinal and lower motor neuron disorders.
16. How is the severity of CP classified?
a. A functional classification is used and relies on the “motor quotient” to place pts into minimal, mild, moderate, and severe (profound) categories.
b. The motor quotient is derived by dividing the child’s “motor age” (ie, motor skills developmental age) w/the chronologic age.
c. 75-100 = Minimal impairment
d. 55-70 = Mild impairment
e. 40-55 = Moderate impairment
f. Lesser quotients = severe impairment.
17. Dx of Cerebral palsy?
a. Based on H&P.
b. The yield of diagnostic finding w/brain imaging and metabolic or genetic testing is low but can be helpful in reassuring the parents.
18. Tx goals for Cerebral Palsy?
a. Multidisciplinary approach
b. Maximizing motor function and preventing secondary handicaps.
c. During the preschool yrs, the child’s communication ability is important.
d. School performance and peer acceptance become important issues for older children.
19. What does a grade IV brain bleed involve?
a. The brain parenchyma.