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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define: Immunity
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Ability to ward off damage or disease through our defenses
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Functions of Lymphatic System:
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1. Drain excess interstitial fluid
2. Transport dietary lipid 3. Carry out immune responses |
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Lymphatic vessels and lymph circulation:
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1. Vessels begin as lymphatic CAPILLARIES.
2. They unite to form large Lymphatic VESSELS 3. Passes through LYMPH NODES |
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The 5 Principal Trunks:
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Intestinal
Lumbar Bronchomediastinal Subclavian Jugular |
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Drain Lower limbs:
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Lumbar
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Drain fatty stuff from intestine:
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Intestinal
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Drain chest area:
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Bronchomediastinal
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Drain arm area:
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Subclavian
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Drain head area:
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Jugular
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Drains into the right lymphatic duct:
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Bronchomediastinal
Subclavian Jugular |
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What Moves the lymphatic system?
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SKELETAL muscle pump==>Milking action
RESPIRATORY Pump===>Pressure changes during breathing |
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The 2 PRIMARY lymphatic organs:
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Red Bone Marrow and Thymus
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Site where stem cells DIVIDE and become IMMUNOCOMPETENT:
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Thymus and Red Bone Marrow
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Parenchyma--Functional parts:
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Outer Cortex
Inner Cortex Medulla |
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More mature T-cells are found in the:
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Medulla
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(memory) B-cells are found in the:
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Outer Cortex
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T-cells and Dendritic cells are found in the:
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Inner Cortex
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B-cells, Plasma cells, and macrophages are found in the:
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Medulla
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T-cells and Plasma cells are the only two that leave:
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Lymph Nodes
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More vessels GOES IN than leave:
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Lymph Nodes
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The 2 parts of the Paranchyma:
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White pulp and Red Pulp
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3 functions of the Red Pulp:
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1. Macrophages remove ruptured, worn out or defective
blood cells 2. Storage of up to 1/3 of body's platelet supply 3. Production of blood cells during fetal life (made by Spleen) |
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2nd line of defense:
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Antimicrobial Substances
Natural Killer cells Phagocytes |
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Antimicrobial substances:
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1. Interferons (IFNs)==>Important for viral replication
==>Decrease or prevents replication in neighboring cells 2. Complement Proteins=>Enhance certin immune reactions 3. Iron-binding proteins==>Transferrin, ferratin, hemoglobin 4. Antimicrobial Proteins (AMPs) (they're like anti-bodies) |
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Natural Killer cells:
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Attack body cells displaying abnormal or unusual plasma
membrane proteins Can release perforin (makes perforation) or granzymes (induce apoptosis) |
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5 steps of PHAGOCYTOSIS
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1. Chemotaxis
2. Adherence 3. Enjestion 4. Digestion 5. Killing |
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Because the HYPOTHALAMIC thermostat is reset
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Fever
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3 functions of fever:
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1. Intensifies effect of interferons
2. Inhibits growth of some microbes 3. Speeds up body reactions that aid repair |
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2 types of adaptive immunity:
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Cell mediated==>Cytotoxic T cells directly attack
invading antigens ==>Effective against intracellular pathogens, some cancer cells, and foreign tissue transplant Antibody mediated (aka humoral immunity)==>Works against extracellular pathogens in fluids outside cells |
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Antigens have 2 characteristics:
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Immunogenicity--Ability to provoke immune reponse
Reactivity--Ability of antigen to react specifically with antibodies it provoked |
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Antigen detect and react to:
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Antibodies
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Immunological Memory: Secondary response is __________ and ___________
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Faster and Stronger
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Your T cells must have:
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Self-recognition--Be able to recognize own MHC
Self-tolerance--Lack reactivity to peptide fragments from own proteins |
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2 ways of elimination:
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1. Deletion--undergo apoptosis
2. Anergy--Remain alive but are unresponsive |
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HAPTEN:
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A SMALLER substance that HAS REACTIVITY, but LACKS IMMUNOGENICITY
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1st line of defenses:
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Physical barriers==>Epidermis + Mucus Membranes
Fluids==>Saliva, Urine, Vaginal secretion, Lacrimal apparatus of eye LYSOZYME breaks down bacterial cell walls Chemicals |
