Ceutics Test 2 Sem 2 Suppositories

Front 1

WHAT ARE SUPPOSITORIES

Back 1

solid dosage forms intended for insertion in to body orfices where they melt/soften/dissolve exerting systemic or local effects

Front 2

where can suppositories be administered

Back 2

rectum, vagina, urethra

Front 3

what occurs in local delivery of suppository

Back 3

release of drug into surrounding tissue as the suppository melts/dissolves/softens

Front 4

what local issues are suppositories used to treat

Back 4

hemorrhoids, contreceptives, antibacterials

Front 5

what is the sytemic delivery of suppositories

Back 5

release of drug into mucous membranes of rectum and vagina as the suppository melts/dissolves/softens

Front 6

what are some reasons suppositories are made

Back 6

alternative route for patients for can't take drugs orally

alternative dosage forms for drugs that are ineffective orally (progesterone)

Front 7

what are the advantages of suppositories

Back 7

bypasses 1st pass
no vomitting
no stomach irritation
avoids low pH of stomach
can be used for patients who can't swallow

Front 8

what are the disadvantages of suppositories

Back 8

patient compliance
variable absorption due to physiology

Front 9

what are the uses of suppositories for local action in the rectum

Back 9

treat hemorrhoids
constipation
anti-infectives

Front 10

what are the PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT RECTAL ABSORPTION

Back 10

no microvilli/villi in rectal mucosa
highly vascularization of submucosal region of the rectum wall w/ blood and lymphatic vesssels
better absorption when bowel is empty
pH 7-8 w/ very little buffering capability

Front 11

what are the systemic effects of suppositories rectally

Back 11

pain dosing in cancer patients
-opiods for severe pain for late stages of cancer

Front 12

what are urethral supps used to treat

Back 12

antimicrobials
anesthetic before urethral/bladder exam

Front 13

what are urethral supps usually made of

Back 13

PEG or Glycerinated gelatin

Front 14

what drug is used to treat ED

Back 14

alprostadil (prostagladin E) increase blood flow

Front 15

what is the new dosage form for ED

Back 15

MUSE

MEDICATED URETHRAL SYSTEM FOR ERECTION

Front 16

what used to be used to treat ED

Back 16

caverject (drug injected w/ syringe and needle into erectile tissue on either side of urethra)

Front 17

what are vaginal supps used to treat

Back 17

anti fungal
hormones (estrogen, progesterone)
contraceptives (nonxyl 9 a spermicide)

Front 18

what properties do Most common supps have

Back 18

non irritating / inert

PEG ( high MW = solid low MW = liquid)

Front 19

what are the most common supps

Back 19

cocoa butter
PEG
glycerin

Front 20

what does the mp depend on

Back 20

the drug

Front 21

how do fatty bases compare to PEG

Back 21

fatty base :
less reactive
melts therfore requires E
rectal administration

PEG
more reactive b/c hydrophillic
dissolves (hydrating by solvation)
vaginal administration

Front 22

what base is needed for water soluble drugs

Back 22

fatty base

drug readily released into AQ fluid

Front 23

what base is needed for fat soluble drugs

Back 23

water soluble base

drug readily released into AQ fluid

Front 24

what are vaginal formulations made of

Back 24

PEGs are most commonly used (may contain surfactants)

glycerinated gelatin is also used

preservatives: parabens

buffered pH is 4.5 (to suppress growth of microorganisms)

Front 25

what are the physiochemical characteristics of rectal supp.

Back 25

best - drugs that are slightly polar so they dissociate from suppository base and dissolve

base: must melt/dissolve at body temp w/ minimal irritation (if irritating may cause bowel movment)

Front 26

how are certain supps stored

Back 26

fatty base sup : temp considerations
PEG base - molecular weight considerations

Glycerin-gelatin - hygroscopic

Front 27

why are liquids trickier to use

Back 27

b/c they soften certain suppository bases

if liquid is to be used an emulsion must be prepared 1st

higher MW PEG can accomodate liquids