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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is C1 called
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Atlas
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What is C2 called
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Axis
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What part of Atlas rest on the Axis
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Lateral masses
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What does the Atlas suround
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Odontoid process
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What runs through the transverse formaen
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vertebral arteries
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What are the four lines that describe normal alignment of the c-spine
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Anterior spinal line, posterior spinal line, spinolaminar line, spinous precess line
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What is the normal soft tissue thickness at C2-C3
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<5-7mm
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Normal soft tissue thickness at C6-C7
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<21 mm
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What is normal atlato-odontoid space (b/w anterior part of C1 and the odontoid process)
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<3mm
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What are the two types of c-spine dislocations?
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Antlantooccipital dislocation
Facet joint dislocation |
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Are the two types of c-spine dislocations unstable or stable
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Unstable
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How might you distiguish an anterior atlantoccipital dislocation?
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increase in prevertebral soft tissue width, increased distance b/w the atlas and the occiput
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How do facet joint dislocations occur?
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Secondary to hyperflexion of the c-spine, disrupts the anteior longitudinal ligament
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What types of facet joint dislocations are there?
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Subluxed facets, Perched facets, Locked facets
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What are the two types of c-spine fractures?
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Unstable and Stable
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What are the 6 unstable c-spine fractures?
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1. Flexion teardrop
2. Hangman's 3. Hyperextension fracture dislocation 4. Burst 5. Jeffersons 6. Odontoid Pneumonic: Fly High Here By Jumping Off |
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What is a flexion teardrop fracture
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-Secondary to flexion injury
-Very Very Unstable!! -disruption of all ligaments as well as the IV disc at that level -may have Fx thru the lamina -small part ant/inf C2 vert. body broken off -Posterior displacement of vertebral body intself -Anterior spinal cord compression |
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What is a Hangman's fracture?
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-Secondary to extension injury
-Bilateral C2 pedicle fractures with ant. displacement of the anterior part of C2 |
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What is a hyperextension fracture-dislocation injury
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-Hyperextension injury
-Slight anterior vertebral subluxation with complex fx of the lamina NEAR articular surface of the facet joints |
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What is a burst fx?
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-compression of hte vertebral body with lsos of ant and post body height
-axial injury -Located in mid c-spine |
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What is a jefferson fx?
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-At least two fractures of C1 (ring cannot only be broken in one spot)
-axial injury -seen as lateral masses of C1 slipping of the axis edges -can be seen as two fx through the anterior arch of C1 |
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What is an odontoid fx?
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Type 1-tip of C2
Type 2-base C2 **most unstable Type 3-body C2 |
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What are the 3 stable c-spine fractures?
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1. Clay shovler's
2. Wedge 3. Extension teardrop |
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What is a clay-shoveler's fx?
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-sec. to flexion injury
-avulsion of piece of spinous process -lower c-spine |
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What is a wedge fx?
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-sec. to flexion injury
-compression of anterior part of vertebral body |
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What is extension teardrop fx?
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-Extension injury
-Avulsion of anteriorinferior part of vertebra usually C2 |
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What are the flexion injuries?
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-Facet dislocation
-Flexion teardrop -Clay-shovler's -Wedge |
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What are the extension injuries?
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-Hangman's
-Hyperextension fx-dislocation -Extension teardrop |
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What are the axial injuries?
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-Jefferson's
-Burst |
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What are the multidirectional injuries?
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-Odontoid
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