Cervical Spine

Front 1

Spinal cord which is enclosed and protected by the spinal canal begins with the

Back 1

Medulla oblongata

Front 2

Lumbar puncture into the spinal canal is at the level of

Back 2

L3 l4

Front 3

It passes through the foramen Magnum of the skull and continues through the first cervical vertebra all the way down to the lower border of the first lumbar vertebra where it tapers off to a point called the

Back 3

Conus medullaris

Front 4

Conus medullaris is at level of

Back 4

Lower l1

Front 5

How many vertebra in adults and children

Back 5

33 in a child 26 in an adult

Front 6

The largest and strongest individual vertebra are the

Back 6

5 Lumbar vertebra

Front 7

Common sites of injury and pathology

Back 7

The cartilaginous discs between the inferior lumbar vertebra

Front 8

Which bones develop as multiple separate bones and fuse into two distinct bones

Back 8

The sacrum and the Coccyx

Front 9

After fusion into a single sacrum and a single coccyx the adult vertebral column is composed of an average of

Back 9

26 separate bones

Front 10

A rounded inward or depressed surface like a cave

Back 10

Concave

Front 11

a rounded outward or elevated surface

Back 11

Convex

Front 12

The cervical and lumbar regions have concave curvatures and are described as

Back 12

Lordotic

Front 13

The thoracic and sacral regions have

Back 13

Convex curvatures

Front 14

Soon after birth what curve began to develop

Back 14

Thoracic and sacral (pelvis)

Front 15

What are the two primary curves

Back 15

Thoracic curvature which is convex and sacral curvature which is also convex

Front 16

As children begin to raise their head and sit up, the first compensatory concave curve forms in which region

Back 16

Cervical

Front 17

The second compensatory concave curve develops when children learn to walk

Back 17

The lumbar curvature

Front 18

Lordosis means

Back 18

Bent backward

Front 19

Lordosis

Back 19

Exaggerated lumbar curvature or swayback/ increased concavity

Front 20

kyphosis

Back 20

Meaning a hump or abnormal / exaggerated thoracic hump back curvature with increased convexity

Front 21

An abnormal or exaggerated lateral curvature

Back 21

Scoliosis which can produce a limp or an uneven walk, occurs in the lower vertebral column with a pronounced S shaped lateral curvature

Front 22

A typical vertebra consists of two main parts

Back 22

The body and the vertebral arch

Front 23

The posterior surface of the body and the arch form a circular opening which is the

Back 23

Vertebral foramen, which encloses the spinal cord

Front 24

Which encloses and protects the spinal cord

Back 24

The vertebral or spinal canal

Front 25

What forms most of the sides of the vertebral arch

Back 25

Pedicles which extend posteriorly from either side of the vertebral body

Front 26

The posterior part of the vertebral arch is formed by two somewhat flat layers of bone called

Back 26

Lamina

Front 27

Extending laterally from approximately the junction of each pedicle and lamina is a projection termed the

Back 27

Transverse process

Front 28

This extends posteriorly to the midline junction of the two lamina

Back 28

Spinous process

Front 29

The most posterior extensions of the vertebra often which can be palpated along the posterior surface of the neck and back

Back 29

Spinous processes

Front 30

Back 30

.

Front 31

The typical vertebra consists of two particles and two women on that form the vertebral arch and the vertebral foramen containing the spinal cord, to transverse processes extending laterally 1 spinous process extending posteriorly and the large anterior body.

Back 31

.

Front 32

Each typical vertebra also has blank, to superior and inferior, which formulate the important joints of the vertebral column

Back 32

Four articular processes

Front 33

Could not occur without the spine which serves as a pivot point for arc like movement of the ribs

Back 33

Respiration

Front 34

The intervertebral joints are blank that are found between the vertebral bodies

Back 34

amphiarthrodial joints

Front 35

Back 35

.

Front 36

Facet is actually only the articulating surface instead of the entire superior or inferior articular process

Back 36

Front 37

The superior vertebral notch and the inferior vertebral notch form the

Back 37

Intervertebral foramen

Front 38

5 aspects of the vertebral column

Back 38

Body, vertebral arch, joints, intervertebral foramina, intervertebral disc

Front 39

The first started cervical vertebra has no

Back 39

Body

Front 40

The condition also known as slipped disc is termed

Back 40

Herniated nucleus proposes or HNP

Front 41

Outer fibrous portion of intervertebral disc

Back 41

Annulus fibrosus

Front 42

semigelatinous inner part of intervertebral disk

Back 42

nucleus pulposus

Front 43

Cervical vertebra have unique characteristics such as

Back 43

Transverse foramina, bifid spinous process tips, overlapping vertebral bodies

Front 44

another name for c1

Back 44

atlas

Front 45

Another name for c2

Back 45

Axis

Front 46

The vertebral prominens is at the level of

Back 46

C7

Front 47

Typical cervical vertebra are which cervical vertebraes

Back 47

c3 to c6

Front 48

One unique characteristic of all cervical vertebra

Back 48

each has 3 foramina that run vertically, the right and left transverse foramina I am a single large vertebral foramen

Front 49

The spinous processes of c2 through c6 are fairly short and end in double pointed or bifid tips

Back 49

A second unique characteristic typical of cervical vertebra

Front 50

To open up and radiographically demonstrate the cervical intervertebral foramina,

Back 50

A 45 degree oblique position combined with a 15 degrees of Fallot angle of the x-ray beam would be required

Front 51

The intervertebral foramina are situated at a

Back 51

45 degree angle to the midsagittal plane, open anteriorly

Front 52

the zygopophyseal joints of the 2nd through 7th cervical vertebra are located

Back 52

At right angles or 90 degrees, to the midsagittal plane and thus are only visualized only in a true lateral position

Front 53

in contrast to the other zygopophyseal joints, those between c1 and c2 are visualized only on a

Back 53

True AP projection

Front 54

atlas c1

Back 54

Front 55

axis c2

Back 55

Front 56

c1 and c2 oblique view

Back 56

Front 57

On c1, the Atlas, anteriorly there is no body but simply a thick arch of bone called the

Back 57

Anterior arch. The anterior art include the small anterior tubercle

Front 58

The dance, or odontoid process, is part of the second cervical vertebra but a superior perspective of c1 shows its location and how it is held in place by the

Back 58

Transverse atlantal ligament

Front 59

Rather than two lamina Anna spinous process found in typical vertebra, see one has a posterior arts that generally bears a small

Back 59

Posterior tubercle at the midline

Front 60

The articular pillars, they segments of bone between the superior and inferior articular processes, are called

Back 60

Lateral masses for c1. Because the lateral masses of c1 support the weight of the head and assist in rotation of the head, these portions are the most bulky and solid part of c1

Front 61

Rotation of the head primarily occurs between

Back 61

C1 and c2 with the dens acting as a pivot

Front 62

Back 62

Front 63

zygopophyseal joints demonstrated inwhat position

Back 63

left lateral

Front 64

intervertebral foramina demonstrated in

Back 64

lpo or rao