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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Most common type of cervical cancer?
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Squamous cell cancer
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How many pap smeras will be abnormal?
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10%
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What is the ectropion?
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Hypertrophy and extension of the endocervical columnar glands onto the extocervix.
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What are the three causes of ectropion?
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Pregnancy
Pill Puberty |
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What are the HPV types that are cancerous?
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16, 18
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What HPV types cause warts?
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11, 6
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What happens to most HPV?
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Usually cleared by the immune system. Or eslo will lead to CIN and cancer.
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How much of CIN 1 will resolve?
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60%
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What abnormalities suggest CIN?
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Increased nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio.
Nuclear hypochromasia. Pleomorphosim. Varying nuclear size. |
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Risk factors for cervical cancer?
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Smoking
Unprotected sex Multiple partners Early onset of sexual intercourse Multiparity |
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Symptoms?
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Abnormal pap smear
PV bleeding - post-coital, intermenstrual, post-menopausal Late - malodorous discharge, PR bleeding |
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Differentials?
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Ectropion
Cervicits Polyps Trauma |
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What is the sens and spec of a pap smear?
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50% and 95%
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Negative smear?
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Repeat in 2 years.
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CIN 1?
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Repeat in 6 months and then another 6 months.
If abnormality persists - colp. If back to normal, 2 year cycle. |
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CIN 2 or 3?
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Immediate colp
LLETZ and cone biopsy |
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Unsatisfactory?
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Repeat 6 - 12 weeks later.
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What are the chemicals used in colposcopy?
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Iodine - normal tissue stains brown, abnormal tissue is pale. Glycogen = brown.
Acetic acid - abnormal = white. |
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What does the green light in colposcopy do?
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Show neovascularisation.
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Surgical Rx?
+/- radiotherapy |
LLETZ (LA/GA)
Cone biopsy (adenocarcinoma, early invasive disease - LA/GA) Radical hysterectomy |
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Prognosis?
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stage 1 - 2: 85%
Stage 2+: 20% TNM classification 5 year survival rate |
