Certificate Of Merit Level 9

Front 1

sotto voce

Back 1

in an undertone, subdued

Front 2

adagio

Back 2

slow

Front 3

allegro

Back 3

fast (also means cheerful, happy)

Front 4

allegretto

Back 4

somewhat fast (slower than allegro)

Front 5

andante

Back 5

walking tempo (flowing)

Front 6

andantino

Back 6

slightly faster than andante

Front 7

animato

Back 7

animated, with spirit

Front 8

con moto

Back 8

with motion

Front 9

largo

Back 9

stately, broad, a very slow tempo

Front 10

largo

Back 10

slow

Front 11

moderato

Back 11

moderately

Front 12

presto

Back 12

very fast

Front 13

vivace

Back 13

lively, quick

Front 14

vivo

Back 14

lively

Front 15

accelerando

Back 15

gradually faster

Front 16

a tempo

Back 16

return to the original tempo

Front 17

allargando

Back 17

broadening, gradually slower

Front 18

meno mosso

Back 18

less motion, slower

Front 19

piu mosso

Back 19

more motion, faster

Front 20

rallentando

Back 20

gradually slower

Front 21

ritardando

Back 21

gradually slower

Front 22

ritenuto

Back 22

held back, suddenly slower

Front 23

rubato

Back 23

freely, flexible; slight accelerandos and ritardandos used for musical expression

Front 24

cantabile

Back 24

in a singing manner

Front 25

con brio

Back 25

with spirit

Front 26

con fuoco

Back 26

with fire

Front 27

dolce

Back 27

gently, sweetly

Front 28

doloroso

Back 28

sadly, sorrowfully

Front 29

espressivo

Back 29

expressively

Front 30

--etto

Back 30

little

Front 31

sotto voce

Back 31

in an undertone, subdued

Front 32

adagio

Back 32

slow

Front 33

allegro

Back 33

fast (also means cheerful, happy)

Front 34

allegretto

Back 34

somewhat fast (slower than allegro)

Front 35

andante

Back 35

walking tempo (flowing)

Front 36

andantino

Back 36

slightly faster than andante

Front 37

animato

Back 37

animated, with spirit

Front 38

con moto

Back 38

with motion

Front 39

largo

Back 39

stately, broad, a very slow tempo

Front 40

largo

Back 40

slow

Front 41

moderato

Back 41

moderately

Front 42

presto

Back 42

very fast

Front 43

vivace

Back 43

lively, quick

Front 44

vivo

Back 44

lively

Front 45

accelerando

Back 45

gradually faster

Front 46

allargando

Back 46

broadening, gradually slower

Front 47

meno mosso

Back 47

less motion, slower

Front 48

piu mosso

Back 48

more motion, faster

Front 49

rallentando

Back 49

gradually slower

Front 50

ritenuto

Back 50

held back, suddenly slower

Front 51

rubato

Back 51

freely, flexible; slight accelerandos and ritardandos used for musical expression

Front 52

cantabile

Back 52

in a singing manner

Front 53

con brio

Back 53

with spirit

Front 54

con fuoco

Back 54

with fire

Front 55

dolce

Back 55

gently, sweetly

Front 56

doloroso

Back 56

sadly, sorrowfully

Front 57

espressivo

Back 57

expressively

Front 58

--etto

Back 58

little

Front 59

giocoso

Back 59

humorous

Front 60

grazioso

Back 60

gracefully

Front 61

--ino

Back 61

little

Front 62

leggiero

Back 62

lightly

Front 63

meno

Back 63

less

Front 64

molto

Back 64

much, very

Front 65

pesante

Back 65

heavily, ponderously

Front 66

piu

Back 66

more

Front 67

poco

Back 67

little

Front 68

robusto

Back 68

boldly, robustly

Front 69

scherzando

Back 69

playful

Front 70

sempre

Back 70

always

Front 71

senza

Back 71

without

Front 72

simile

Back 72

in a similar manner, same

Front 73

smorzando

Back 73

fading away

Front 74

spiritoso

Back 74

spirited

Front 75

subito

Back 75

suddenly

Front 76

tranquillo

Back 76

peacefully, tranquil, calm

Front 77

accent

Back 77

strong emphasis

Front 78

legato

Back 78

smooth, connected

Front 79

sforzando

Back 79

sudden strong accent

Front 80

sostenuto

Back 80

sustained, legato

Front 81

staccato

Back 81

short, detached

Front 82

tenuto

Back 82

hold full value; slight emphasis

Front 83

Alberti bass

Back 83

An accompaniment pattern using a three note chord. The notes of the chord are played bottom - top - middle -top.

Front 84

arpeggio

Back 84

The notes of a chord played one after another instead of together. The notes of an arpeggio may be written out, or indicated by a wavy line to the left of the chord.

Front 85

chromatic half step

Back 85

A half step with two notes of the same letter name.

Front 86

diatonic half step

Back 86

A half step with two notes of different leter names.

Front 87

D. C. al Fine

Back 87

Play from the beginning to the fine (end).

Front 88

Fermata

Back 88

Hold a note longer than its time value.

Front 89

m. d.

Back 89

right hand

Front 90

m.s.

Back 90

left hand.

Front 91

opus

Back 91

Work. The term is usually used with a number to indicate the chronological order of music written by a composer.

Front 92

pedal point

Back 92

A consistent note that is held, repeated, or returned to regularly as harmonies change.

Front 93

tre corde

Back 93

Release the soft (left) pedal.

Front 94

une corda

Back 94

Depress the soft (left) pedal.

Front 95

augmentation

Back 95

The presentation of a melody or motive with the note values doubled.

Front 96

canon

Back 96

A style of writing in which an extended melody is imitated strictly and entirely in one or more voices.

Front 97

diminution

Back 97

The presentation of a melody or motive with the note values halved.

Front 98

imitation

Back 98

The immediate restatement of a melody or motive in another voice or hand.

Front 99

motive (motif)

Back 99

A motive is a short melodic or rhythmic pattern that appears throughout a piece. When the motive appears in the music, it may begin on a differnt note, the rhythm may change slightly, or the motive may be inverted.

Front 100

repetition

Back 100

Repetition occurs when a melodic or rhythmic pattern is repeated.

Front 101

sequence

Back 101

A sequence occurs when a melodic pattern in repeated at a higher or lower pitch, usually a 2nd or 34rd above or below the original pattern.

Front 102

binary form

Back 102

Music in binary form has two sections: section A and section B. Each section is usually repeated. The A section often ends on the dominant note, the B section ends on the tonic.

Front 103

ternary form

Back 103

Music written in the ternary form has three sections: section A, section B, and repeat of section A. The two sections are often contrasting in character or style.

Front 104

sonata

Back 104

The sonata is a composition for piano which has separate sections called movements. The movements are usually contrasting in tempo and character.

Front 105

sonatina

Back 105

The sonatina is a short sonata, usually designed for instruction. A sonatina may have one, two, or three movements. The movements are usually contrasting in tempo and character.

Front 106

Sonata-Allegro Form

Back 106

Firstmovements of sonatas and sonatinas are frequently written in a form called "sonata-allegro" or first movement form.

Front 107

Exposition section

Back 107

A. first theme: tonic key
B. second theme: dominant key, or relative Major if the piece is in minor key.
C. closing theme (optional)

Front 108

Development section

Back 108

Themes are presented in new keys. New themes may be added.

Front 109

Recapitulation section

Back 109

A. first theme: tonic key
B. second theme: tonic key
C. closing theme (optional)

Front 110

Rondo

Back 110

Music in rondo form has a recurring theme (A) that appears between constrasting sections (B, C, etc.)

Front 111

Polyphonic Texture

Back 111

Music with two or more independent parts or voices (melodies).

Front 112

Homophonic Texture

Back 112

Music with melody and accompaniment.