Cerebrum

Front 1

gyri

Back 1

elevated ridges winding around the brain

Front 2

sulci

Back 2

small grooves dividing the gyri

Front 3

fissure

Back 3

deep groove eg

longitudinalfissure

transverse/cervical fissure

lateral/sylvian fissure

Front 4

what seperates the precentral gyrus from the post central gyrus

Back 4

central sulcus.

Front 5

parito occipital sulcus

Back 5

on the medial side of brain

almost vertical

seperates he parietal lobe from the occipital lobe

also refered to as the parieto occipital fissure.

Front 6

grey matter contains

Back 6

unmyealated axons

cell bodies

glial cells

dendrites

Front 7

function of white matter

Back 7

connects different parts of the cns

connects the cns with the pns

Front 8

cell types in cerebral neocortex

Back 8

stellate/granule cells

pyramidal cells

others-horizontal cells,cells of martinotti,fusiform cells

Front 9

stellate cells

Back 9

typically small and mulipolar

principal interneurons of the neocortex

Front 10

projections of the stellate cells

Back 10

dendrites-short ;extend in all directions

axon-short;project to adjacent pyramidal cells;does not leave the cortex

Front 11

pyramidal cells

Back 11

pyramidal in shape

diameter ranges from 10 to 70-100 um

they are the typical output neurons

Front 12

projections of pyramidal cells

Back 12

long apical dendrite-leaves top of cell and ascends vertically to the cortical surface

basal dendrites -from base of cell and spread horizontally

axons-long and leave the cortex to reach other cortical areas or various sub cortical sites.

Front 13

the largest of the pyramidal cells are known as

Back 13

betz cells

Front 14

horizontal cells

Back 14

in the most superficial cortical layer

Front 15

cells of martinotti

Back 15

very few short dendrites

axon ascends to the surface and synapses with the pyramidal cells

Front 16

fusiform cells

Back 16

in deepest cortical layer

spindel shaped

tuft of dendrites emerges from each end of the spindle

their axons leave the corex

Front 17

cortical layers of the neocortex

Back 17

layer 1-molecular/plexiform

2-outer granular layer

3-outer pyramidal

4-inner granualar

5-inner pyramidal

6-multiform/fusiform layer

Front 18

layer 1

Back 18

mainly composed of ;dendrites and fine axon terminals of cells present in other layers and glial cells

it also has a few horizontal cells

Front 19

layer 2

Back 19

has very small cells mainly small granule cells but also has some small pyramidal cells

also has various axons and dendritic connections

Front 20

layer 3

Back 20

cell bodies of moderate sized pyramidal cells .

also has some stellate cells and cells of martinotti

Front 21

dendrites of the pyramidal cells present in layer 3

Back 21

pass superficially to enter the molecular layer

Front 22

axons of the pyramidal cells present in layer 3

Back 22

pass deep to enter the white matter as projection,assosiation or commissural fibers

Front 23

layer 4

Back 23

densly packed with stellate cells and a small no. of other interneurons

has axonal ramifications of afferent fibers.

Front 24

layer 5

Back 24

cell bodies of large pyramidal cells

Front 25

the axon of the large pyramidal cells in layer 5 usually project to

Back 25

1.a more distal cortical region

2.other parts of the brain

3.to lower centres (such as spinal motor neurons)

Front 26

the axons of the large pyramidal cells in layer 5 form the bulk of the

Back 26

white matter

Front 27

layer 6

Back 27

mainly has fusiform cells

has a small no. of stellate and pyramidal cells

Front 28

granular cortex

Back 28

large percentage of stellate cells which recieve afferent impulses.

layers 2 and 4 strongly developed

located mainly in the primary sensory regions such as the visual ,auditory and somatosensory cortices.

Front 29

agranular cortex

Back 29

has a high percentage of pyramidal cells

layers 3 and 5 highly developed

located mainly in areas that give rise to efferent impulses such as the motor cortex and the frontal eye field.

Front 30

types of cortex

Back 30

neocortex

paleocortex

archicortex

Front 31

neocortex

Back 31

90% of our total cortical area

6 layers-isocortex

Front 32

paleocortex

Back 32

3 layers-allocortex

Front 33

3 types of functional areas of the cerebrum

Back 33

motor areas -control voluntary movement

sensory area-consious awarness of sensation

association areas -integrate diverse information

Front 34

4 lobes of the cerebellum

Back 34

frontal

parietal

occipital

temporal

Front 35

function of these areas

primary motor cortex

motor association area(premotor complex+supplementary motor complex)

Back 35

skeletal muscle movement

Front 36

function of these areas

frontal lobe

prefrontal association areas

Back 36

coordination of information from other association areas

control of some behaviour

reasoning skills

Front 37

function of these areas

gustatory complex

Back 37

taste

Front 38

function of these areas

olfactory complex

Back 38

smell

Front 39

function of these areas

auditory association area

auditory cortex

Back 39

hearing

Front 40

function of these areas

visual association area

occipital lobe

visual cortex

Back 40

vision

Front 41

function of these areas

primary somatic sensory cortex

parietal lobe

sensory association area

Back 41

recieves sensory information from skin ,musculoskeletal system,viscera and taste buds

Front 42

imp in frontal lobe

Back 42

primary motor cortex

premotor cortex

prefrontal cortex

brocas area

Front 43

primary motor cortex is equivalent to brodmann's area

Back 43

4

Front 44

function of primary motor cortex

Back 44

execution of movement on the contralatoral side of the body

Front 45

the primary motor cortex is represented in a precise

Back 45

somatotropic fashion

Front 46

an area in the primary motor cortex devoted to a particular body part is proportional to the degree of ------------------------------ with which the movements can be executed

Back 46

precision

Front 47

the premotor cortex is equivalent to brodmann's area

Back 47

6

Front 48

function of premotor cortex

Back 48

directs the primary motor cortex inn its execution of movement .

coordinates simultaneous or sequential actions

involved in planning and programming of moements

Front 49

on its medial surface the prefrontal cortex includes the

Back 49

supplementary motor area

Front 50

broca's area corrisponds to brodmann's areas

Back 50

44-45

Front 51

function of broca's area

Back 51

it is a motor speech area

it directs muscles responsible for speech

Front 52

broca's area has connections with

Back 52

parts of the cerebral cortex associated with language

Front 53

prefrontal cortex functions

Back 53

mainly cognitive functions like-

intelletual

judgemental

behavioural planning

it is also related to mood

Front 54

orbito frontal cortex

Back 54

a prefrontal cortex region in the frontal lobes which is involved in the cognitive processing of decision making

Front 55

imp areas in parietal lobe

Back 55

primary somatosensory cortex

somatosensory assosiation cortex primary gustatory cortex

Front 56

the primary somatosensory cortex/post central gyrus is equivalet to brodmann's area

Back 56

1,2 and 3

Front 57

function of the somatosensory complex

Back 57

receives all the sensory information from the opposite side of the body

Front 58

the somatosensory complex is represented in a a precise

Back 58

somatotopic fashion

Front 59

in the somatosensory complex the area of cortex devoted to a particular body part is proportional to the

Back 59

degree of sensation perceived by that body part

Front 60

somatosensory association complex function

Back 60

assists with the integration and interpretation of sensations relative to body position and orientation in space

Front 61

function of the primary gustatory complex

Back 61

the primary site involved with the interpretation of the sensation of taste

Front 62

important areas in occipital lobe

Back 62

primary visual cortex

visual association area

Front 63

the primary visual cortex is equivalent to brodmann's area

Back 63

17

Front 64

the primary visual cortex is also known as the

Back 64

striate cortex

Front 65

function of the primary visual cortex

Back 65

receives information from the retina

it is the primary area in the brain responsible for sight ( recognition of size,colour,light,motion,dimention etc)

Front 66

image to the primary visual cortex arrives upright t/f

Back 66

false it arrives inverted

Front 67

the posterior part of the primary visual cortex is concerned with

Back 67

central vision

Front 68

the anterior part of the primary visual cortex is concerned with

Back 68

peripheral vision

Front 69

the visual association cortex is equivalent to brodman's area

Back 69

18 and 19

Front 70

function of the visual association area

Back 70

interprets information acquired trough the primary visual cortex

Front 71

the visual cortex is divided in

Back 71

7 areas

Front 72

function of area V1

Back 72

registers visual stimuli

Front 73

function of area V 2

Back 73

passes on information and responds to complex shapes

Front 74

function of area V3

Back 74

responds to orientations and angles

Front 75

function of area V 4

Back 75

distinguishes colour

Front 76

function of area V 5

Back 76

registers movement

Front 77

function of area V 6

Back 77

gauges depth

Front 78

function of area V 3A

Back 78

combines motion and direction

Front 79

important areas of temporal lobe

Back 79

primary auditory cortex

auditory association cortex

primary olfactory cortex

Front 80

the primary auditory cortex corresponds to brodmann's area

Back 80

41 and 42

Front 81

function of primary auditory complex

Back 81

recieves information related to pitch ,rythm and loudness

Front 82

the primary auditory cortex is arranged in a

Back 82

tonotopical manner(different areas for different frequencies)

Front 83

the primary auditor cortex receives information from

Back 83

both the r and l cochlea

Front 84

the auditory association cortex is equivalent to brodmann's area

Back 84

22

Front 85

the auditory association area surround

Back 85

the primary auditory cortex

Front 86

the auditory association area in the dominant hemisphere is known as

Back 86

wernike's Area

Front 87

function of auditory association area

Back 87

stores memories of sound and permit the perception of sounds

it is involved in the recognition and understanding of speech

Front 88

the auditory association area is connected to broca's area by the

Back 88

arcuate fasciculus

Front 89

function of the arcuate fasciculus

Back 89

allows for coordinated ,comprehensible speech

Front 90

function of the primary olfactory complex

Back 90

it interprets the sense of smell once it reaches the cortex via the olfactory bulbs.

Front 91

functions of limbic lobe

Back 91

emotion

behaviour

motivation

long term memory

olfactory