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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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short association fibers |
connect adjacent gyri, u-shaped |
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long assocation fibers |
assocaiting distant parts, along corpus callosum |
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commisural fibers |
corpus callosum |
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afferent efferent (cbt, cst) |
always go through thalamus always go through internal capsule |
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genu |
corticobulbar tract (face) |
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posterior limb of internal capsule |
arm, thorax, abdomen, lower limb |
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layer 4 |
termination of afferent fibers from the thalamus - spinothalamic, trigeminothalamic end/synpase here |
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layer 5 |
origin of projection fibers to extracortical targets such as basal ganglia, thalamus, brainstem, spinal cord -- primary motor cortex (frontal lobe): contains CST cell bodies - beth cells/large pyramidal cells |
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layer 1 and layer 2 |
1- few nerve cell bodies, many dendritic and axonal processes in synpatic interaction 2- small neurons which estbalish intracortical connections --- short assocaition fibers |
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parietal lobe |
somatic sensitization (SS cortex) body image 3D location of self, target in space language (wernicke's) GPS |
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frontal lobe |
higher cognitive functin motor (planing, execution) language (broca's) judgement, personality, decisions - prefrontal |
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temporal lobe |
memory (short term) learning auditory |
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functional localization information |
- stimulation/abalation studies -electrophysiological recordings - observations of regional blood flow - post mortem studies of patients with known lesions |
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damage to partietal cortex |
unable to understand place/movement |
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motor execution |
neural information --> physical energy CNS extracts info to plan and guide voluntary movements |
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movements steps |
1) identify + localize target in space (posterior parietal) 2) formulation of a plan of action (premotor, sup motor) 3) execution of movement (primary motor) |
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neural information |
step 1 stimuli from external and internal environment (sensory inforamtion) - body position, target auditory visual |
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posterior parietal cortex |
inforamtion coming in is conveyed here - then to sensory and motor cortices - via assocaition fibers |
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premotor and sup motor |
center motor program black box feed info primary motor - descending pathways - communicate with BG and cerebellum to organize muscles |
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physical energy |
stimulus leads to muscle contraction - LMN |
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there is a continual ___ critical for motor systems to work |
continual surge of senosry information |
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motor commands controlling skseletal muscle travel over several descending motor oathways - UMN |
- corticospinal -corticobulbar - corticoreticular - reticulospinal - vestibulospinal - rubrospinal *** hierarchial organizaiton |
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activitiy in the UMN can |
excite or inhibit LMN |
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spastic paralysis |
lesion to UMN disinhibition of LMN too much excitation muscles contract at the same time - rigid |
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flaccid paralysis |
LMN lesion - no neural energy going to the muscle |
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pyramidal |
cst cbt |
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extrapyramidal |
corticoretidular corticospinal vestibulospinal rubrospinal |
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premotor and sup motor communicate to pyramidal |
parimry motor cortex brainstem spinal cord anterior horn cell lmn |
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extrapyramidal ocmmunication |
1) premotor sup motor to primary motor, brainstem, spinal cord, anterior horn cell 2) priamry motor cortex to brain stem, psinal cord |
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cst |
voluntary control of LMn |
