Cerebrum

Front 1

form sensory homunculus

Back 1

neurons that send sensory information to the cerebral cortex synapse on pyramidal neurons in the post central gyrus

Front 2

motor humunculus

Back 2

cell bodies of pyramidal neurons in the pre central gyrus form

Front 3

Somatosensory cortex

Back 3

discriminative touch, conscious proprioception

Front 4

agnosia

Back 4

inability to recognize objects when using a specific sense

Front 5

astereognosis

Back 5

inability to identify objects using touch and manipulation despite intact discriminative touch and conscious proprioceptive pathways.

Front 6

visual agnosia

Back 6

inability to visually recognize an object despite an intact visual system

Front 7

Brocas area

Back 7

expressive aphasia, inability to express oneself using language. writing is impaired. aware of language difficulties.

Front 8

Wernickes area

Back 8

receptive aphasia, inability to comprehend language. person cannot read or write. unaware of their disorder.

Front 9

Damage to prefrontal association cortex

Back 9

apathetic and lacks goal directed behavior, difficulty with executive functioning, lacks initiative, divergent thinking is impaired

Front 10

thalamus

Back 10

process emotional and memory information, regulate consciousness and arousal and attention, relay sensory information from the skin muscles tendons and joints.

Front 11

hypothalamus

Back 11

maintains homeostasis, endocrine regulation, emotional expression, eating, reproduction, defensive behavior,

Front 12

corpus callosum

Back 12

exaggerated in musicians, axons linking homologous areas of right and left cerebral hemispheres

Front 13

Internal capsule

Back 13

composed of axons of neurons located in subcortical structures that send information to the cerebral cortex.

Front 14

types of memory

Back 14

emotional-remembering feelings(amygdala)
declarative-remembering facts, events, concepts, locations(frontal lobes, hippocampus, thalamus)
procedural-remembering how to

Front 15

retrograde amnesia

Back 15

loss of memory for events prior to brain trauma

Front 16

severe retrograde amnesia

Back 16

loss of all declarative memories prior to the trauma

Front 17

less severe retrograde amnesia

Back 17

loss of declarative memories in the weeks preceding the trauma

Front 18

Anterograde amnesia

Back 18

inability to form new memories after trauma to the brain

Front 19

HM

Back 19

severe epilepsy, seizures in the medial temporal lobes, remove the temporal lobes bilaterally, epilepsy improved but memory was permanently damaged. Intelligence and personality didn't change. Partial retrograde amnesia and anterograde amnesia. He could learn new skills but not remember practicing them.