Cerebrovascular Disease

Front 1

Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms

Back 1

aneurysms of the arterioles

Front 2

Saccular "berry" aneurysms

Back 2

1) Derive from congenital defect in arterial wall at arterial branch points at base of brain
2) may be associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
3) aneurysm not present at birth but develops and enlarges over time
4) rupture produces SAH at base of brain

Front 3

Areas sensitive to damage by hypoxic/ischemic encephalopathy

Back 3

1) hippocampus
2) cerebral cortex layers 3,4,5: laminar necrosis
3) watershed zones
4) cerebellar Purkinje cells

Front 4

Complications of subarachnoid hemorrhage

Back 4

1) Acute: arterial vasospasm leading to ischemia/infarction
2) Chronic: breakdown of hematoma and scarring may interfere with CSF circulation and cause hydrocephalus

Front 5

Lacunar infarctions

Back 5

-multiple small infacts in the brain caused by hypertension
-structures especially affected are basal ganglia, thalamus and white matter
-large numbers may lead to multi-infarct dementia, mimicking Alzheimer's disease

Front 6

CADASIL

Back 6

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy
- leads to multiple white matter infarcts and eventual dementia in young adults