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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of CP is the most common? What percentage of CP patients have this type? |
Spastic CP
70-85% |
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What is the most common finding on MRI in CP? |
Reduced white matter volume. (Most common finding in most kid disorders) |
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What are the other common lesions in CP? |
BASAL GANGLIA Cortical malformations Postnatal Injuries (like infarctions) |
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What systems are always damaged in CP? |
PYRAMIDAL and EXTRAPYRAMIDAL motor systems. |
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What structures are in the pyramidal motor system? |
Premotor cortex Corticospinal tract Spinal motor neurons |
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What type of CP does damage to the pyramidal system cause? |
Spastic CP (the most common) |
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What are the symptoms of all types of spastic CP? |
Abnormally high muscle tone |
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What are the two primary causes of Spastic CP? |
Periventricular Leukomalacia Intraventricular Hemmorhage |
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Who is at most risk of Spastic CP? |
Pre term babies |
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What are the 3 topographical subtypes of Spastic CP? |
SPASTIC DIPLEGIC = Lower extremity dysfunction with lesser upper extremity involvement. SPASTIC HEMIPLEGIC= Dysfunction on one side of the body, ARM usually worse than leg. SPASTIC QUADRIPLEGIC= Impairment in all 4 extremities |
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What is the most common typographical type of Spastic CP? |
SPASTIC DIPLEGIA |
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What is the relationship between motor dysfunction and cognition in CP? |
Not consistent. Only Spastic quadriplegia consistently has Intellectual disability Comorbid epilepsy is also a factor |
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What form of spastic CP is associated with seizures and intellectual disability? |
SPASTIC QUADRIPLEGIA |
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What are the structures of the Extrapyramidal Motor System? |
Basal Ganglia Cerebellum Brain stem FINE TUNE THE MOTOR SYSTEM |
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What is CP that affects the extrapyramidal tract called? |
Non-Spastic CP |
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What is the primary symptom of non-spastic CP? |
Abnormal involuntary movements |
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What is the primary cause of non-spastic CP? |
Hypoxic-ischemic injury |
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What structure tends to be most affected in non-spastic CP? |
Basal ganglia |
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What are the two types of non-spastic CP? |
ATAXIC and DYSKINETIC |
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What are the symptoms of non-spastic dyskinetic CP? |
ATHETOID or DYSTONIC Movements of the mouth, extremities, or tongue. |
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What is athetoid movement? |
Slow, WRITHING INVOLUNTARY movements |
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What extremities are typically affected in non-spastic CP? |
Upper extremities |
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What are the symptoms of ataxic CP? |
COORDINATED VOLUNTARY movements |
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What is the main PRENATAL risk factor for CP? |
INSULT TO THE BRAIN Followed by: Maternal health, toxic exposure, intellectual disability Multiple births |
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Who is more at risk for CP, boys or girls? |
BOYS |
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What are the most significant POSTNATAL risk factors for CP? |
Meningitis/Encephalitis TBI |
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If a TBI happens after age 3 and leads to motor problems, is it CP? |
No. Age 3 is the cut off for CP. Anything after age 3 reflects the etiology |
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Is CP the leading cause of disability in childhood?
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YES |
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What is the incidence of epilepsy in CP? |
28-50% |
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What percentage of CP patients have cognitive impairment? |
50%
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What are the earliest possible signs of CP?
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Delayed motor mile stones and persisting infantile reflex patterns.
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At what age are CP symptoms usually fully manifested?
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2 years of age 4-5 years of age for mild CP |
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What percentage of kids "outgrow"CP? |
50%, usually by age 7 |
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What is a common complaint in older adults with CP? |
Chronic pain |
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Is CP a progressive disease? |
No, but it's effects may change with developmental growth and chronic physical effects on the body. |
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What percent of CP patients have a learning disorder? |
30% |
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What is the most robust cognitive deficit found in CP?
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Visuospatial impairments
Same as premature children |
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What cognitive abilities are affected by the white matter changes in CP? |
Processing speed Attention Executive functions |
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What is not typically affected in CP? |
Primary memory impairment Language (despite speech difficulties) due to reorganization |
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What motor developmental milestone is a risk factor for CP if it is achieved EARLY? |
Standing well before 1 year of age Reflects hypertonia |
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What condition does hypertonia progress into across the lifespan? |
Spasticity |
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What prognostic sign indicates that a person with CP will be able to walk in the future? |
Sitting by 24 months |
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What leads to Spastic Quadriplegia in CP? |
Prenatal factors resulting in diffuse damage to the brain. |
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What are 3 common medicines for CP? |
BOTOX BACLOFEN LEVADOPA (anti PD drugs) |
