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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What causes CP?
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an injury or lesion to the immature brain.
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CP risk factors preconception
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parent older than 35
very young parent Toxins genetic disorder malnutrition metabolic disorders radiation damage |
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CP risk factors first trimester
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Endocrine: thyroid function, progesterone in insufficiency
Nutrition: malnutrition, vitamin deficiencies, amino acid intolerance Toxins: alcohol, drugs, poisons, smoking Maternal disease: thyrotoxicosis, genetic |
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CP risk factors second trimester
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Infection: cytomegalovirus, rubells, toxoplasma, HIV, syphilis, chicken pox, subclinical uterine infections
Placental pathology: vascular occlusion, fetal malnutrition, chronic hypoxia, growth factor deficiencies |
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CP risk factors third trimester
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Prematurity and low birth weight
Blood factors: Rh incompatibility, jaundice Cytokines: neurological tissue destruction Inflammation Hypoxia: placental insufficiency, perinatal hypoxia Infection: listeria, memingitis, streptococcus group B, septicemia, chorioamnionitis |
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CP risk factors Intrapartum
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Premature placental separation
uterine rupture Acute maternal hypotension Prolapsed umbilical cord Ruptured vasa previa Tightened true knot of the umbilical cord |
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CP risk factors Perinatal and Infancy
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Endocrine: hypoglycemia, hypothyroidism
Hypoxia: perinatal hypoxia, respiratory distress syndrome Infection: meningitis, encephalitis Multiple births: death of a twin or triplet Stroke: hemorrhagic or embolic stroke Trauma: abuse, accidents |
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In a child or person with CP, is the brain normal?
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No
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In a person with CP, are the muscles normal?
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Yes
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In a person with CP, are the peripheral (lower neuron) nerves normal?
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Yes
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Does CP usually get better over time, get worse, or stay the same?
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the brain injury stays the same; however, in mild cases, child will make motor gains and compensate; severe cases little progress is made, and secondary problems such as contractures may develop over time
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In most cases, what type of muscle tone would a newly born child with CP initially demonstrate at the time of birth?
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hypotonic
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Medical term when a person with CP reaches for an object and their whole body starts moving and shaking?
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Overflow
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Medical terms when a person with CP has a foot or knee exhibiting rapid, rhythmic contractions when touch or pressure is applied?
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clonus
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Medical term when a person with CP has muscles that contract violently when the muscle is ranged to its limit?
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enhanced stretch reflex
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Medical term when a person with CP has, in general, overactive reflexes
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hyperreflexia
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In a child with CP, what may be different about the length of time that infantile reflexes are retained
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They are retained beyond the normal time period
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What might be different about the length of time before acquiring more mature developmental reflexes (such as the righting reflexes that help us stay sitting up)
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They may be delayed - often the delay in the child's ability to sit is the first symptoms parents notice
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Postural abnormalities resulting from presence of primitive reflexes and tone abnormalities - hypertonicity in LE
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lies supine with hips internally rotated, adducted, ankles plantar flexed
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Postural abnormalities resulting from presence of primitive reflexes and tone abnormalities - hypotonicity in LE
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lies supine with hips abducted flexed, externally rotated
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Would it be unusual for a child with CP to crawl or walk in an unusual manner?
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No
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Would it be unusual for a child with CP to use his/her hands in an unusual way?
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No
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Would it be unusual for a child with CP to have difficulty sucking or swallowing?
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No
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Characterize the movements of a person with athetoid-type CP
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Involuntary and uncontrolled movements, typically slow and writhing.
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What are the 3 types of spastic CP?
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1. Spastic Hemiplegia
2. Spastic Diplegia 3. Spastic Quadriplegia |
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What parts of the body are affected is spastic hemiplegia?
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One entire side of the body, including head, neck and trunk
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What parts of the body are affected in spastic diplegia?
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Both lower extremities, with mild incoordination, tremors, or less severe spasticity in the UE
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What parts of the body are affected in spastic quadriplegia
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Entire body
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In which major classification (and subtype) of CO would you be most likely to find mental retardation?
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Spastic quadriplegia and mixed types
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How often does CP occur in the general population?
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1.5 to 4 per 1000
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Strabismus
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visual axes of eye assume a position relative to each other different that required by physiological conditions, also called squint
*eyes do not line up in the same position when focusing |
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Nystagmas
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Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement of the eye
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Hemianopsia
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Defective vision or blindness in one half of visual field. The person is unable to perceive objects to the side of the visual midline. Visual loss is contralateral
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In general, how long do persons born with CP usually live?
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Normal life span
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What do OT's and OTA's do to help children with CP (and their parents?)
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*helping child gain as much motor control as possible
*positioning to minimize effects of abnormal muscle tone *instructing parents and CG on handling techniques *instructing parents and CG on ways to accomplish ADL *recommending adaptive equipment and assistive technology *provide methods to improve feeding and speech *helping parents manage behavior concerns and family stresses |
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What is an AFO, where is it used and why?
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Ankle-foot orthosis
Used on LE used to reduce spastic equinus positioning with supination Used to improve abnormal alignment of the feet when a child pulls to a stand and begins walking |
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If a person with CP had high spascitiy resulting in muscle contracture that interfered with normal function, with being able to get clothes on, prevented normal cleaning and created conditions for skin breakdown, etc. what would be some of the options for controlling or reversing the spastic condition?
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Surgical approaches such as tendon lengthening, tendon transfers, selective posterior rhizotomy, hip reconstruction, spinal fusion
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deformity which is characterized by an "S" curve in the spine
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scoliosis
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spinal deformity which results in head-down posture
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kyphosis
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