Cerebellum

Front 1

What type of pathway is the superior cerebellar peduncle?

Back 1

Superior is almost entirely an Efferent pathway to red Nucleus and via the thalamus to cortex

Front 2

What type of pathway is the middle cerebellar peduncle?

Back 2

Middle is Afferent to cerebellum from pontine nuclei

Front 3

What type of pathway is the inferior cerebellar peduncle?

Back 3

Inferior is Afferent from the vestibular nuclei, SCTs, and brainstem tegmentum
Inferior is Efferent to vestibular nuclei and reticular formation

Front 4

What is cerebellar cortex consists of

Back 4

gray matter

Front 5

what does the subcortex consists of

Back 5

fiber pathways and nuclei

Front 6

name cerebellar lobes

Back 6

anterior
posterior
flocculonodular

Front 7

Vermus & Anterior Lobe also known as?

Back 7

paleo or spino-cerebellum

Front 8

Vermus & Anterior Lobe receives input from

Back 8

VSCT and DSCT

Front 9

Vermus & Anterior Lobe receives outputs from

Back 9

purkinjie cell to fastigial nuclei
purkinjie to brainstem reticular formation, tectum, and vestibular nuclei

Front 10

lateral hemispheres.Posterior lobe also known as

Back 10

neo or corticocerebellum

Front 11

lateral hemispheres/posterior lobe receives input from

Back 11

contralateral pontine, cortex

Front 12

lateral hemispheres/posterior lobe outputs to

Back 12

interomediolateral (globus and emboliform) and dentate
deep nuclei to red nucleus, VA and A nucleus of thalamus

Front 13

flocculonodular lobe also known as

Back 13

archi or vestibulocerebellum

Front 14

flocculonodular receives input from

Back 14

vestibular Afferents

Front 15

flocculonodular receives output from

Back 15

purkinjie cell to vestibular nuclei

Front 16

Major Inputs to Cerebellum from cerebral cortex

Back 16

parietal cortex
cingulate cortex
frontal cortex

Front 17

Major Inputs to Cerebellum from other sources than the cerebral cortex

Back 17

red nucleus
superior colliculus
spinal cord
vestibular labyrinth and nuclei
reticular formation
inferior olivary nucleus
locus ceruleus

Front 18

Output targets of the cerebellum

Back 18

red nucleus
vestibular nuclei
superior colliculus
reticular formation
motor cortex

Front 19

Deep Cerebellar Nuclei from Medial to Lateral

Back 19

(paired)
fastigial
Intermediolateral (globose and emboliform)
dentate

Front 20

cell types in cerebellum

Back 20

purkinje cell (only output cell)
granule cell
golgi cells
basket cells

Front 21

symptoms of cerebellar damage

Back 21

intentional tremor
cerebellar ataxia
hypotonia
dydiadochkinesia
slowed reaction time
nystagmus

Front 22

localization of damage in flocculonodular

Back 22

balance problems= positive Romberg's Sign

Front 23

localization of damage in vermis

Back 23

dysfunction within axial muscles

Front 24

localization of hemispheres

Back 24

dysfunction of volitional movement

Front 25

what is the cerebellum involved in

Back 25

regulation of muscle tone and coordination of voluntary movements

Front 26

lesions of the cerebellum produce?

Back 26

disturbances in the coordination of limb and eye movements, as well as disorders of muscle tone and posture

Front 27

another name for inferior cerebellar peduncle

Back 27

restiform body

Front 28

another name of middle cerebellar peduncle

Back 28

brachium pontis

Front 29

another name for superior cerebellar peduncle

Back 29

brachium conjunctivium

Front 30

what separates from posterior and anterior lobes

Back 30

primary fissure

Front 31

what separates the posterior and flocculonodular lobe

Back 31

posteriorlateral fissure

Front 32

flocculonodular lobe is involved in

Back 32

the control of posture, eye movements and certain autonomic responses, i.e. motion sickness

Front 33

cerebellar hemispheres or lateral zone receives info from? and is involved in?

Back 33

receives info from neocortex, vis the pontine nuclei and plays a role in the planning of movements

Front 34

spinocerebellum receives info from?

Back 34

receives info from spinal cord and brainstem and containes two distinct topographic representation of the body

Front 35

Medial or vernal zone

Back 35

projects onto the most medial deep nucleus, the fastigial nucleus to influence the pontine reticulospinal and lateral vestibulospinal tracts. influences the medical descending system

Front 36

intermediate or paravernal zone

Back 36

projects onto the intermediate deep nuclei, globus and emboliform nuclei (interpositus nucleus) then to the red nucleus and to a lesser extent onto the ventrolateral thalamus. influences principally the lateral descending system

Front 37

lateral or hemispheric zone

Back 37

projects onto the most lateral deep nucleus, the dentate nucleus; which in turn projects to the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus then to the motor cortex, thus influencing the lateral corticospinal tract.

Front 38

cell types in cerebellar cortex

Back 38

basket
stellate
granule
golgi
purkinje

Front 39

molecular layer contains?

Back 39

interneurons, stellate and basket neurons
dendrites of purkinje and golgi cells
axons of granule cells which bifurcate longitudinally along the folium to form the parallel fiber system

Front 40

purkinje layer contains?

Back 40

a single layer of purkinje cells. the output neurons of the cerebellar cortex

Front 41

granule layer contains

Back 41

granule cells, the recipient neurons of most input to the cortex and golgi interneurons

Front 42

input to cerebellum

Back 42

is excitatory and arrives via climbing fibers and mossy fibers

Front 43

climbing fibers are?

Back 43

from cells in the contralateral inferior olive. each purkinje receives input from only one climbing fiber. each climbing fiber contacts no more that 12 purkinje cells and makes multiple contacts with the soma and proximal dendrites. this allows a powerful excitatory action by a single discharge along a climbing fiber.

Front 44

mossy fibers are?

Back 44

from neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem that terminate on granule cells and show much divergence and convergence. contact is axodendritic to form glomeruli. mossy fibers activate granule cells whose parallel fibers excite a band of purkinje cells that are arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the folium

Front 45

what cells use GABA as their neurotransmitter

Back 45

inhibitory basket, stellate, golgi, and purkinje cells

Front 46

glutamate is used by which cells

Back 46

excitatory granule cells

Front 47

dysmetria

Back 47

error in the direction and force of movement, i.e. cannot bring limb smoothly to a desirable position. the limb may either overshoot the desirable position, hypermetria or undershoot, hypometria

Front 48

ataxia

Back 48

asynergy may cause unsteady gait if affect lower limb, or broadbase ataxia, i.e. decomposition of movements in complex asynergy. in decomposition of movements the sequence of muscle contraction is executed in discrete steps rather than in smooth movements

Front 49

intention tremor

Back 49

tremor perpendicular with the direction of movements and increase in magnitude toward the end of the movement. Due to interference with the contraction between agonist and antagonist muscle.

Front 50

nystagmus

Back 50

asynergy of the extrinsic eye muscle

Front 51

dysarthria

Back 51

asynergy of the muscles of speech. speech is slowed and slurred

Front 52

equilibrium

Back 52

inability to maintain an upright posture, due to lesion of the vestibulocerebellum

Front 53

tone

Back 53

hypotonia. pendular limb, the limb will continue to swing back and forth in a pendular fashion, i.e. after elicitation of a patellar tendon reflex

Front 54

pathological damages of archicerebellum/flocculonodular region

Back 54

causes disturbances of tone and synergy, i.e. childhood tumor, medulloblastoma. there is loss of balance while attempting to stand, especially with eyes closed - Romberg's sign or walk, broadbased gait

Front 55

pathological damages of paleocerebellum/medial zone

Back 55

impairment affects stance and gait. ipsilateral truncal deficits, i.e. in alcoholics in which damage to the paleocerebellum caused postural deficits, i.e. trncual ataxia, broadbase gait, involving the proximal muscles.

Front 56

pathological damages of neocerebellum/intermediate and lateral zones

Back 56

impairment affects speech and coordination. caused dysarthria, slurred and slowed speech; dysmetria, abnormal range and direction of movements; and dysdiadochokinesia, irregular movement patterns during rapid alternating movements.