Central Nervous System Lab

Front 1

What is the cerebral hemispheres (cerebrum) and its function?

Back 1

Largest region of the human brain associated with higher brain function like thought and action.

Front 2

What is the cerebral cortex and what those it contain?

Back 2

It consist of cell bodies,unmyelinated axon,and dendrites where these portions of the neurons are unmyelinated giving cerebral cortex a gray color called gray matter. Contains cerebral lobes.

Front 3

What is white matter?

Back 3

Bundles of myelinated axons that help cell bodies and processes of cerebral cortex communicate with other part of the nervous system.

Front 4

What is the cerebral lobes?

Back 4

Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes.

Front 5

Name a function of the Frontal lobe.

Back 5

reasoning, movement,emotions, and problem solving.

Front 6

Name a function of the the Parietal lobe.

Back 6

perception of stimuli,orientation.

Front 7

Name a function of the Temporal lobe.

Back 7

Perception/recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, speech.

Front 8

Name a function of the Occipital lobe.

Back 8

Visual processing

Front 9

What is Basal Nuclei?

Back 9

A group of nuclei that monitor voluntary motor functions.The neurons of these nuclei are connected to other parts of the nervous system by various tracts of white matter in the cerebrum.

Front 10

What is the Corpus Callosum?

Back 10

The largest tract of cerebral white matter that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

Front 11

What is the Diencephalon?

Back 11

Deep to the cerebral hemispheres in the central core of the brain that is composed of the Thalamus,Hypothalamus and Epithalamus.

Front 12

Structure of the Thalamus.

Back 12

Large egg-shaped mass of gray & white matter that comprises 80% of the diencephalon located above the brainstem.

Front 13

Function:Thalamus

Back 13

Processes and relays movement and sensory information. It is essentially a relay station, taking in sensory information and then passing it on to the cerebral cortex.

Front 14

Structure:Hypothalamus

Back 14

Located on the anterior and inferior aspect of the diencephalon.Its a small structure that contains the nuclei whose neurons carry out many of the body's homeostatic functions. The infundibulum connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus.

Front 15

Function:Hypothalamus

Back 15

Regulate the endocrine system, monitor sleep-wake cycle,control thirst, hunger and body temp.Monitor autonomic nervous system.

Front 16

Structure:Epithalamus

Back 16

Located posterior and superior aspect of the diencephalon. Contains an endocrine organ called the pineal gland.

Front 17

Function:Epithalamus

Back 17

The pineal gland in the epithalamus secretes the hormone melatonin that helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle.

Front 18

Brainstem

Back 18

Third major portion of the brain that influences autonomic functions of the body like the rhythm of breathing,heart rate,blood pressure and certain reflexes.Consist of the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata.

Front 19

Midbrain

Back 19

Superior portion of the brainstem and smallest region of the brain that controls visual and auditory systems as well as eye movement. Portions of the midbrain called the red nucleus and the substantia nigra are involved in the control of body movement.

Front 20

Pons

Back 20

Inferior to the brainstem and bulges out anteriorly is involved in motor control and sensory analysis. Also connects the medulla to the cerebellum.

Front 21

Medulla Oblongata

Back 21

Apart of the brainstem and is between the pons and spinal cord. It is responsible for maintaining vital body functions, such as breathing and heartrate.

Front 22

Cerebellum

Back 22

The "little brain",lies on top of pons behind brainstem, is similar to the cerebrum in that it has two hemispheres ,and has a highly folded surface or cortex. This structure is associated with regulation and coordination of movement, posture, and balance.

Front 23

Dura Mater

Back 23

"Tough mother" It is thick,double layered and outermost layer of the 3 meninges surrounding the brain and the spinal cord and is responsible for keeping in the cerebrospinal fluid.

Front 24

What are the 3 structures the Dura Mater dives into the brain to form?

Back 24

Falx Cerebri, Falx Cerebelli, and Tentorium Cerebelli.

Front 25

Falx Cerebri

Back 25

Forms a partition between the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

Front 26

Falx Cerebri

Back 26

Forms a partition between the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

Front 27

Falx Cerebelli

Back 27

Separates the two cerebellar hemispheres.

Front 28

Tentorium Cerebelli

Back 28

Separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum.

Front 29

Arachnoid Mater

Back 29

The middle meninx that is separated from the dura by the space called subdural space.

Front 30

Dural Sinuses

Back 30

Spaces between two dural layers.

Front 31

Subdural Space

Back 31

The space that separates the dura mater from the arachnoid mater. It contains little bundles of arachnoid mater called arachnoid granulations (vascular structures that project into dural sinuses and allow CSF to reenter the blood).

Front 32

Pia Mater

Back 32

Thinnest, intermost meninx that clings to the surface of the cerebral hemispheres and is supplied with blood vessels. Subarachnoid space is between the pia and arachnoid mater.

Front 33

Subarachnoid Space

Back 33

A space thats between the pia mater and the arachnoid mater filled with CSF.

Front 34

Ventricles

Back 34

Spaces in the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Front 35

Lateral Ventricles

Back 35

Largest ventricle located in the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

Front 36

Third Ventricle

Back 36

Housed within the dienecephalon.

Front 37

Fourth Ventricle

Back 37

The third ventricle is contiuous with the foruth ventricle which is found in the brainstem by a small canal called the cerebral aqueduct.Continuous with the central canal

Front 38

Central canal

Back 38

The fourth ventricle is continuous with this canal that runs down the central spinal cord.

Front 39

Ependymal cells

Back 39

Neuroglial cells that line the ventricles, where their cilia beat to circulate CSF.

Front 40

CSF

Back 40

Cebrospinofluid is a fluid that reduce brain weight.

Front 41

Insula Lobe

Back 41

5th lobe.The Insula is the cerebal lobe deep within the lateral sulcus, that Integrates Autonomic Information.

Front 42

Gyri

Back 42

Ridges on the cerebral cortex. Folds on the brain material.

Front 43

Sulci

Back 43

Shallow grooves on the cerebral cortex.

Front 44

Fissures

Back 44

Very deep groves of the cerebral cortex that separates major regions of the cerebral hemispheres.

Front 45

Longitudinal fissures

Back 45

Separates the right and left hemispheres.

Front 46

Cerebral Peduncle

Back 46

Three sets of paired bundles of the midbrain.Consist primarily of descending tracts which carry motor info from the cerebrum to the brainstem and spinal cord.

Front 47

Intermediate mass

Back 47

A connection between the right and left thalamic portions.(inside the thalamus)

Front 48

Superior,middle,inferior cerebellar peduncles

Back 48

The tract three large tracts used for the cerebellum to communicate with other regions of the CNS. It connects cerebellum to the midbrain,pons, and medulla oblongata.

Front 49

Superior Colliculi

Back 49

Part of the midbrain involved in reflex movements of the head, eyes,and body toward visual auditory, or tactile stimuli like loud noises, flashing lights,or startling pain and they receive touch and auditory input.They receive input from the inferior colliculi the eyes, skin, and cerebrum.

Front 50

Inferior Colliculi

Back 50

Involved in hearing and are an integral part of the auditory pathways in the CNS.