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175 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is the CN origin of the Otic ganglion?
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CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)
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with what CN is the ciliary ganglion found?
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on CN III (Occulomotor nerve)
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What is the function of the pterygopalatine ganglion? (f/ CN VII)
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drives lacrimation (tears) and salivation of pterygic gland (salivation)
glands of nasal and oral cavities and lacrimal glands |
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what do the adrenal glands release?
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adrenaline
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what gland is responsible for producing tears?
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the lacrimal gland
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where are the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic system located?
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in the brain regions of CN III VII IX X and in the spinal cord at levels S2-S4
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where are the postganlionic cells of the parasympathetic system located?
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at one of the cranial ganglia near to their target tissue
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what is the funtion the ciliary ganglion?
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it constricts the pupils and changes the shape of the lens
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where do the parasympathetic fibers for the ciliary ganglion (on CN III) originate?
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Edinger-Westphal neucleus of the midbrain
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what is the CN origin of the submandibular ganglion?
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CN VII Facial
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what is the function of the submandibular ganglion?
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affects the submandibular and sublingual glands --- salivary glands
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what does the otic ganglion affect?
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the porotid salivary gland
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what are the origins of the terminal ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system?
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CN X (Vagus) and pelvic nerves formed from S2-S4
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what parasympathetic postganglion are collected very near to or even with in the organ being innervated?
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terminal ganglion (CN X and S2-4)
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where do tears collect?
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in the nasolacrimal duct
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where does the abducens originate?
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the lower pons
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what is another name for the sympathetic nervous system?
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thoracolumbar
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what kind of nerve is CN VIII?
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sensory
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what three CN's innervate muscles of the eye?
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CN III, IV, VI
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what glands are affected by the ANS?
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sweat glands, salivary glands, adrenal glands
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how does the ANS affect the respiratory system?
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it controls the diameter of the airways (Smoothmuscle)
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how does the ANS affect the eyes?
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controls the diameter of the pupils (smooth muscles)
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what is another name for the parasympathetic nervous system?
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craniosacral
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the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system creat a state of equillibrium or ____
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homeostasis
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which system responds to the "flight or fight syndrome"?
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sympathetic
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where is the preganglionic cells of the ANS found?
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in the CNS
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where do preganglionic cells synapse on?
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post ganglionic cells
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where do post ganglionic cells project to?
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smooth muscle, cardiac muscle or gland
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Where are the preganglionic cells of the sypathetic nervous system found?
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on the sminal cord in the lateral horns of T1-L2
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which horn gives rise to the preganglionic cells of the sympathetic nervous system?
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lateral horn
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what is another name for the paravertebral ganglia?
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the sympathetic trunk
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which side of the vertebral column are the paravertebral ganglia found?
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the ventrolateral side
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what are the three pairs of prevertebral ganglia?
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ciliac ganglian
superior messentaric ganglion inferior messentaric ganglion |
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what kind of postganglianic cels are in a chain of paired ganglia which extends from the base of the skull to the coccyx ?
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the paravertebral ganglia
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what kind of postganglianic cells are located anterior to the vertebral column?
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prevertebral ganglia
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what is the function of the postganglionic cell?
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to innervate the target tissue
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how does the autonomic nervous system affect digestion?
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it affects the smooth muscles...
its motility (turns on or off) |
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how does the ANS affect blood vessels?
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controls diameter
contracts or relaxes their smooth muscle |
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how does the ANS affectt the heart?
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controls the rate of cardiac muscle contraction (speed up/slow down)
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where do the muscle fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve come from?
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medulla
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through which foramen of the skull does the glossopharyngeal (CN IX) exit?
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jugular foramen
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which CN's exit the skull through the internal acoustic meatus?
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facial and acoustic
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where does the vagus nerve (CN X) orginate?
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medulla
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what are the functions of the vagus nerve?
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carries sensory info from the neck, thorax, and abdomen
carries motor fiber to the muscles of the palate, pharynx and larynx |
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what nerve carries senory info from the neck, thorax and abdomen?
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vagus nerve CN X
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what nerve carries motor fibers to muscles of the palate, pharynx and larynx?
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Vagus nerve CN X
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what nerve carries sensory info from the posterior 1/3 of the tonge and motor fibers to the muscles of the pharynx?
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glossopharyngeal CN IX
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what foramen does the vagus nerve exit through?
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jugular foramen
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what is the function of the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
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innervates muscles of pharynx and larynx, neck and trapezius
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what foramen does the spinal accessory exit the brain through?
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jugular foramen
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what is the function of the hypoglossal nerve?
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innervates the muscles of the tongue
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what CN is a spinal component of the upper cervical rootlets and a cranial component from the medulla?
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CN XI spinal accessory
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what nerves exit through the jugular foramen?
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glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory
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where does the vagus originate from ?
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medulla
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where does the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) come from?
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the medulla
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what is the meaning of "Glossopharyngeal"
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"tongue" and "pharynx"
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what foramen does the hypoglossal nerve exit the skull through?
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the hypoglossal canal
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what nerve innervates the muscles of the tongue?
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hypoglossal
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what nerves carry sensory info from the tongue (what parts)?
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anterior 2/3:facial nerve (CN VII)
posterior 1/3 glossopharyngeal CN IX |
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what CN carries olfactory information?
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CN I (Olfactory nerve)
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What CN carries visual information?
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CN II Optic nerve
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what CN carries motor fibers to most of the eye muscles?
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CN III Occulomotor nerve
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what CN carries motor fibers to the superior oblique eye muscle?
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CN IV Trochlear nerve
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which of the trigeminal nerves carries motor fibers to the muscles of mastication?
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V3 (mandibular nerve)
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what kind of nerve is CN IX?
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sensory and motor
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what CNs' go to the pons?
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trigeminal
abducens facial acoustic CN V-VIIi |
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what CNs emerge from the medulla?
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CN IX-XII
glossopharyngeal vagus spinal accessory hypoglossal |
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what CN innervates the superior oblique eye muscle?
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trochlear (Only function!!)
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What CN carries sense info from the face?
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trigeminal (CN V)
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what trigeminal nerve carries sense info from the upper face?
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CN V1 opthalamic nerve
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what trigeminal nerve carries sensory info from the nose, mid-face and upper teeth?
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CN V2 maxillary nerve
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what CN innervates the lateral rectus eye muscle?
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CN VI Abducens
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what is the function of the autonomic nervous system?
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to regulate the internal environment/maintenance of normal bodily functions
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what CN carries motor fibers to muscles of facial expression? What is its other function?
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CN VII Facial Nerve
carry sense info from anterior 2/3 of tongue |
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what is innervated by the autonomic nervous system?
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smooth and cardiac muscle (involuntary) and different glands
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what nervous system is the vegetative or visceral nervous system?
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autonomic nervous system
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what muscles does the occulomotor nerve innervate?
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most muscles of the eye
superior, inferior, and medial rectus muscles inferior oblique lavaetor palpebrae |
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What "chemical equation" gives the CN's and the eye muscles they innervate?
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LR6(SO4) 3
lateral rectus by CN VI Superior Oblique by CN IV Rest by CN III |
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where on the brain does CN IV emerge from?
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dorsal mart of mid brain
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what foramen does the trochlear nerve exit through?
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superior orbital fissure
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where does the trigeminal nerve come off of?
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the pons
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through what foramen of the skull does the Opthalmic nerve exit?
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the superior orbital fissure
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what is the name of CN V1?
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opthalmic nerve
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what is the name of CN V2?
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maxillary nerve
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what is the function of the trochlear nerve?
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to innervate the superior oblique eye muscle
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where does the maxillary nerve exit the skull?
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the foramen rotundum
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what is the name of CN V3?
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mandibular nerve
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through which foramen of the skull does the mandibular nerve exit?
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foramen ovale
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what is the function of the opthalmic nerve?
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carries sensory information from the upper face
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what is the function of the maxillary nerve?
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carries sensory information from the nose, face and upper teeth
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what is the function of the mandibular nerve?
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sensory information from the lower face, tongue and lower teeth
innervates muscles of mastication |
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which nerves exit the skull through the superior orbital fissure?
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occulomotor
trochlear opthalmic (CN V1) abducens |
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which foramen does the abducens exit the skull through?
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superior orbital fissure
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what is the funtion of the abducens (CN VI)
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innervates lateral rectus (eye muscle)
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where deos the Facial Nerve (CN VII) emerge off of ?
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the lower pons
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what are the fuctions of the Facial nerve?
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carry sensory info (taste) from anterior 2/3 of tongue
carries motor fibers to muscles of facial expression |
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through what foramen does the Facial nerve (CN VII) exit?
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internal acoustic meatus
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what is the function of the Acoustic Nerve (CN VIII)
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carries hearing and equillibrium sensory info from the inner ear to the pons
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what part of the inner ear does the acoustic nerve receive hearing info from?
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cochlea
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what part of the inner ear does CN VIII receive equilibrium info from?
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semicircular canals
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where does the Acoustic (Vestibulocochlear) nerve (CN VIII) exit the skull?
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internal acoustic meatus
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where are impulses for audition relayed?
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to the medial geniculate body of the thalamus
auditory cortex in temporal lobe |
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what are the functions of the glossalpharyngeal nerve? CN IX?
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carries sensory (taste) info from posterior 1/3 of the tongue
carries motor fibers from medulla to muscles of the pharynx |
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what kind of nerve is CN V3?
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sensory and motor
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What kind of nerve is CN VI?
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motor
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What kind of nerve is CN VII?
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sensory and motor
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what kind of nerve is CN X?
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sensory and motor
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what kind of nerve is CN XI?
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motor
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what kind of nerve is CN XII?
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motor
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what is the pneumonic device for the names of the cranial nerves?
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On Old Olympus Towering Top, A Finn And German Viewed Some Hops
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what is the pneumonic device for the kind of nerves each CN is?
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Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More
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what is the only sensory imput NOT relayed via the thalamus?
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olfaction
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What do the olfactory sensory neural impulses from the receptors in the NASAL MUCOSA going to the the olfactory bulb go through?
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cribiform plate of the ethmoid
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Where are the olfactory receptor cells located?
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in the nasal mucosa
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For the sensory information coming from the olfactory receptors, the olfactory bulb cells project through the _______ to the _____.
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Olfactory tract
olfactory cortex |
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what information is carried by CN I?
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olfactory sense info
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what bone does the Olfactory Nerve pass through to enter the brain?
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the cribiform plate of the ethmoid
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what foramen does CN II enter the skull through?
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the optic foramen
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where do half of the optic nerve fibers cross?
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optic chiasm
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which half of the optic nerves cross at the optic chiasm?
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those coming from the temporal or peripheal half of the visual field
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what is the path of all of the optic nerves (leaving out the crossing)
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retina--through optic foramen--optic tract--lateral geniculate body of the thalamus---geniculoclacarin tract---visual cortex
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where is the lateral geniculate body?
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on the thalamus
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where on the thalamus do the optic nerves synapse?
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lateral geniculate body
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what is another name for the geniculocalcarine tract?
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optic radiation
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where is the primary visual cortex located?
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on the calcarine fissure of the occipital lobe
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what do lateral geniculate cell project as and where to?
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optic radiation or geniculocalcarine tract
primary visual cortex |
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through what foramen of the skull does the occulomotor nerve exit?
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superior orbital fissure
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what part of the brain does the occulomotor nerve emerge off of?
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the mid brain
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what kind of nerve is CN V1?
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sensory
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what kind of nerve is CN V2?
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sensory
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what kind of nerve was V2?
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sensory
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where is the spinal cord located?
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in the vertebral canal from foramen magnus to L1/L2
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where are the two enlargements of the spinal cord?
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cervix and lumbar region
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how many cervical nerves are there?
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8
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how many thoracic nerves are there?
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12
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how many lumbar nerves are there?
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5
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how many sacral nerves are there?
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5
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howmany coccygeal nerves are there?
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1
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how many spinal nerves are there?
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31
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what information do the dorsal columns carry?
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general sensory info (touch, pressure, tactile discrimination, and kinesthesis)
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what information does the fasciculus gracilis carry?
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from the lower limb and trunk
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what areas of the body does the fasciculus cuneatus get info from?
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from the upper limb/trunk
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what is the pathway of the dorsal columns?
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dorsal root ganglion--nucleus gracilis/cutaneous (CROSS ENROUTE TO VPL OF THALAMUS)--thalamus projects to somatosensory cortex
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what is the pathway of the dorsal columns?
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dorsal root ganglion--nucleus gracilis/cutaneous (CROSS ENROUTE TO VPL OF THALAMUS)--thalamus projects to somatosensory cortex
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where do the dorsal columns cross?
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at the nucleus gracilis or cutaneus
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what information is carried by the lateral spinothalamic tract?
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pain and temperature information
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what is the pathway of the lateral spinothalamic tract
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Dorsal root ganglion--dorsal horn--fibers cross to contralateral side on the way to thalamus---thalamus to postcentral gyrus
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what cortex does the dorsal columns project to?
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somatosensory cortex
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what information does the lateral spinothalmalic tract carry?
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info about pain and temp
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what information does the Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract carry?
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proprioceptive info to cerebellum
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what is the pathway that the dorsal spinocerebellar tract takes?
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Dorsal root ganglion-- dorsal horn (NUCLEUS DORSALIS)--fibers go up on the same side (IPSILATERAL) to reach cerebellum
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which ascending tract does not cross?
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dorsal spinocerebellar tract
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what part of the dorsal horn is the 2nd neuron of the dorsal spinocerebellar?
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nucleus dorsalis
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what are the two areas of enlargement in the spinal cord?
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cervical and lumbar
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what is the name for the end of the spinal cord and what vertebrae is it found at?
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CONUS MEDULLARIS
L1/2 |
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what is the name for the connective tissue that binds the spinal cord to the saccrum?
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filum terminal
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what is the name for the nerve roots in the sacrum?
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cauda equina
"horses tail" |
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which of the two spinal fissures is bigger, the anterior median fissure or the posterior median sulcus?
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anterior median fissure
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where can a spinal tap be easily drawn?
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at the cauda equina
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what spinal tract carries general sensory information?
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dorsal columns
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what spinal tract carries pain and temperature information?
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the lateral spinothamalic tract
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what spinal tract carries proprioceptive information?
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the dorsal spinocerebellar tract
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what tract carries motor impulses to the muscles?
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the cortical spinal tract
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what supplies the spinal cord with blood?
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the anterior and posterior spinal arteries
both branches of the vertebral arteries |
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what is the pathway followed by the lateral corticospinal tract?
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cortex--internal capsule--cerebral peduncles--base of pons--medullar pyramid (cross here to contralateral side)-- SYNAPSE on motor neuron--muscle
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where does the corticospinal tract cross?
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at the medullary pyramids
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what is the medial lemniscus?
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the tract on the dorsal column between the medulla and thalamus
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what nucleus of the thalamus relays for the cerebellum?
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ventral lateral and ventral anterior
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what nucleus of the thalamus relays general sensory information for the dorsal column?
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the ventral lateral posterior (VPL)
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what nucleus of the thalamus relays sense info from the face?
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the ventral medial posterior nucleus
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what nerves carry sense info from tongue? What parts and what sense?
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V3--all gen. sense
VII ant. 2/3 of taste IX post. 1/3 of taste |
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what are the options a preganglionic cell has to synapse with a postganlionic cell?
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go to paravertebral cell at same segment
go up or down sympathetic trunk to synapse with a postganglionic cell at a different level got through paravertebral ganglion to synapse with prevertebral ganglion |
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where does the lateral spinothalamic tract cross?
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on the spinal cord 1-2 segments after entry to contralateral side while ascending to thalamus
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which has the longer preganglionic cells, sympathetic or parasympathetic?
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parasympathetic
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which of the two sympathetic or parasympathetic, have a short preganglionic nerve?
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sympathetic
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