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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Isotonic dehydration |
sodium and water lost in equal amounts CB: N/V/D |
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Hypotonic Dehydration |
Extracellular fluid depletion, reduction in sodium and water, but more sodium than water CB: overuse of diuretics, renal disease, decreased intake |
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Hypertonic Dehydration |
Depletion in total body water content, resulting in hypernatremia |
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Sodium |
135-145 mEq/L Water balance, impulse conduction |
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Hyponatremia |
<135 mEq/L Na deficit or excess water CB: drowning, polydipsia, diuretic use, diaphoresis, renal disease Sx: Sz, confusion, ↓ reflexes Tx: Replace Na |
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Hypernatremia |
>145 mEq/L Na excess or water loss, at risk for ICH CB: sodium bicarb, Cushing's Syndrome, hyperventilation, infection Sx: Thirst, sz, coma, HA Tx: Hypo-osmolar solution (0.2% or 0.45%, 5% dextrose), ↓ < 2mEq/L/hr
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Serum Osmolality |
Adults Normal: 285-295 mOsm/kg Infants 275-285 mOsm/kg Sx at 320 mOsm/kg Coma at 360 mOsm/kg |
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Potassium |
3.5-5.0 mEq/L Regulates cell membrane, osmolality, and cell volume, cation (if acidotic K+ moves to extracellular space) Renal tubules excrete |
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Hypokalemia |
< 3.0 mEq/L CB: N/V/D, kidney issues, meds- digitalis, laxatives, diuretics, steroids Sx: cramps in legs, constipation ↓ ST+T wav, PVC, 2nd/3rd block, v-fib Tx: max dose 40 mEq/hr, tomato, spinach, beans |
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Hyperkalemia |
>5.0 mEq/L CB: meds- K+sparing diuretics, ACE-inhibitor, NSAIDs, Crush injury, Addisons, renal impairment Sx: Peaked T, wide QRS, prolonged PR, ventricular dyrhythmias Tx: Admin D50%, regular insulin, calcium gluconate, Kaexalate, Florinef, sodium bicarb (if met acid) |
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Calcium |
4.5-5.6 mEq/L Proper muscle contraction, nerve conduction, hormone release, blood coagulation |
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Hypocalcemia |
<4.5 mEq/L CB: deficits in intake, PTH ↓ levels Sx: sz, tachy, hypervent. Trosseus +Chvosteks signs Tx: Admin Calcium gluconate or calcium chloride, 5% dextrose in water for IV solution, milk products leafy veggies |
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Hypercalcemia |
>5.6 mEq/L CB: ↓ renal function, ↓ parathyroid function Sx: N/V, weakness, lethargy, wide T elevated ST, bundle branch , ↑ Ca ↓ Na, K+, Phosphate, ↑ PTH Tx: Lasix, Calcitonin, Aredia, Zometa |
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Magnesium |
1.3-2.1 mEq/L Neuromuscular exciteability, most located in bones |
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Hypomagnesmia |
<1.3 mEq/L CB: alcoholis, prolonged IV feeding, Chrons Sx: muscle cramps, fasiculating (twitching), Trosseus + Chvosteks, vventricular dysrhythmias, Torsades, v-fib, elevated T depressed ST Tx: Admin mag, prob calcium gluconate/K+, nuts, seafood, chocolate |
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Hypermagesmia |
>2.1 mEq/L CB: Renal fail, ↓ excretion, excess Maalox Sx: N/V, drowsiness, flushing, paralysis, AV block, prolonged QT Tx: 0.45% NaCl, diuretics, IV calcium gluconate of 10% solution |
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Trousseu's sign |
Spasm in wrist after BP cuff inflation Associated w/ Mag and Calcium deficiencies |
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Chvosteks sign |
Contraction of facial muscles when jaw tapped Associated w/ Mag and Calcium deficiencies |
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Peaked T wave, wide QRS, prolonged PR ventricular dysrhythmias |
Hyperkalemia |
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Sagging ST, and T wave depression, U wave elevation, PVC, PAC, V-fib, 2nd/3rd AV block |
Hypokalemia |
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Prolonged QT and ST segments, T-wave inversion |
Hypocalcemia |
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Widened T-wave, Shortened QT interval, AV and bundle branch blocks |
Hypercalcemia |
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T-wave elevated, ST depressed, PVC, tachy, Torsades de pointes, fibrillation |
Hypomagnesmia |
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Prolonged QT interval, AV block |
Hypermagnesmia |
