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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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IDLH
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Immediate danger to life and health.
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Normal Air Oxygen Content
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21% - Normal
17% - Some muscle impairment, increased respiration 12% - Dizziness, headache, rapid fatigue 9% - Unconsciousness 6% - Death |
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Smoke
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Particles, vapours, gases
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CO
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Carbon monoxide
1200 PPM IDLH |
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HCl
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Hydrogen Chloride
50 PPM IDLH Telephone, electrical cables, pungent odor, yellow gas/colourless, PVC/plastics |
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HCN
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Hydrogen Cyanide
50 PPM IDLH Almond odor, pale blue gas/colourless, wool, insulation, paper, nylon |
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CO2
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Carbon Dioxide
40,000 PPM IDLH |
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NO2
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Nitrogen Dioxide
20 PPM IDLH red/brown gas, coma, dark brown fuming liquid |
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COCl2
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Phosgene
2 PPM IDLH Burning eyes, creates hydrochloric acid in lungs, colourless, freon |
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NH3
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Ammonia
300 PPM IDLH Liquid/colourless gas, fertilizers, ice rinks, refrigerants |
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Cl2
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Chlorine
10 PPM IDLH Green/yellow gas, amber liquid, foam rubber, plastics |
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SCBA High Pressure
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4500 PSI
Smaller, less bulky Larger, modern fire services Expensive compressor |
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SCBA Low Pressure
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2216 PSI
Larger/bulky Smaller depts. Compressor less expensive |
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Oxygen Hypoxia
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19.5% O2 or less
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ICM
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Integrated control module
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Cylinder Types
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Composite, aluminium, steel, carbon fibre
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PASS
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Personal alert safety system
Man down (motionless/panic button) Thermal alert, pre-alert, low-batt |
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PAR
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Personnel accountability report
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SCBA Subassemblies
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First stage regulator, Second stage regulator, Air cylinder & valve, Low-air AudiLarm (at 25%) with URC (universal rescue connection), Backpack/Harness Assembly, Facepiece/MMR, ICM Unit/gauge, Nightfighter HUD
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Cubic Feet of Air in 30 min tank
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45 cubic feet
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Emergency Procedures
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Remain calm, remember training, use emergency bypass if regulator fails (open/closed failures)
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SAR
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Supplied Air Respirator
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Pumper
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Provide water at adequate pressure, intake/discharge ports, pump/engine controls, variety of hose, intake & attack.
Pump capacity: 3000-8000 L/min Equipment: Ground ladders, SCBA, forcible entry tools, salvage equipment, portable water tanks, medical equipment. |
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Rescue Pumper
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Equipped with larger than standard rescue & extraction equipment
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Pumper with Elevating Water Device
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Combination Vehicles, articulating booms, elevated master streams.
Squirts, telesquirts, quints. GFPAT - Ground ladder, firehose, pump, aerial, tank |
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Foam Pumper
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Industrial/Airport, foam concentrate tank (2,000 - 6,000 L)
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Tankers
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Carry 6,000 - 10,000 L, support vehicle
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Wildland
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Lightweight, maneuverable, all wheel drive, pump & roll
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Aircraft Fire Rescue
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ARFF apparatus, combined agent
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Aerial
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With or without pumps, rescue/elevated master stream (30m), quint aerial device
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Rescue Truck
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No pump, rescue and extraction equipment, squads, crews trained on all equipment
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Fire Boat
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Large volume pump, water supply to shore, water/ice rescue.
William Lyon Mackenzie (toronto) |
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Apparatus Maintenance
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MOT requires annual inspection.
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Apparatus Pre-Trip Inspection
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Driver to perform pre-trip inspection (recorded).
Engine, oil levels, leaks, coolant, drive belts, electrical, washer fluid, batteries. Inside Cab: Unusual noise, wheel freeplay, gauges, lights, horns, sirens, signals, seatbelts, mirrors, radio, switches. Circle Check - Safe to move? |
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Highway Traffic Act Exemptions
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Part 9 (128) (13) Speed Exemption
144 (20) Disregard red lights 150 (2) - (3) (b) Drive off roadway 166 (2) Left side of streetcar |
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Apparatus Weekly Inspection
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Flush pump, clean intake strainer, check primer resevoir, operate primer, relief valve ok?, inventory equipment.
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Apparatus Daily Inspection
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Stow & secure equipment, ladders secure, hose beds, proper load, scba, first-aid, ventilator, trauma kit, defib., burn kit, electrical & lighting, generators, wheel chocks.
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JHSC
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Joint health and safety committee. Composed of H&S workers/management. Research and review safety matters. Meet regularly (minutes of meetings available to members). Maintain records of: accidents, injuries, illnesses, exposure to infectious disease, deaths that may be job related (LODD)
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NFPA 1500 PPE
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Depts. supply PPE, ensure it's worn, provide training, provide other PPE required.
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NFPA 1500 Emerg. Ops.
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IMS (incident management system), emerg. risk management, accountability, RIT teams, rehab for emerg. ops., civil unrest/terrorism, PIA (post incident analysis).
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NFPA 1500 Facility Safety
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Must meet standards & criteria, inspected for H&S hazards, maintenance & repairs.
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NFPA 1500 Medical Requirements
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Fitness, confidential health database, fire dept. physician (municipal nurse), post injury rehab.
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EAP
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Employee Assistance Program
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CISM
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Critical Incident Stress Management
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Safety
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Control of accidental loss.
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Accident Chain
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Environment, human factor, equipment, the event, the injury.
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Safety on Fireground / Priorities
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1 - Self
2 - Team 3 - Everyone Else |
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NFPA 1971
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Structural PPE - boots, helmet, bunker gear.
Also Ontario Helmet Code 125/83 Pants - worn high, no crotch space :( , 5cm overlap with hands up. Must meet specifications. Cleaned Semi-annually. |
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NFPA 1975
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Station work uniforms.
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NFPA 1976
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Proximity PPE (airport)
gold anodized helmets, aluminized suit fabric, reflect radiant heat |
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NFPA 1977
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Wildland PPE (brush gear)
Lightweight, breathability, ankle support, hot ember protection, lace up leather boots, web gear is essential, aluminized fire shelter) |
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Structural PPE layers
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1 - Outer shell (fire resistant, dirt will absorb heat, products left on gear may be inhaled/ingested)
2 - moisture/vapour barrier (prevents steam/water transfer, allows perspiration/body heat to escape) 3 - thermal barrier |
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DRD
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Drag rescue device.
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Additional Protective Gear/Clothing
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Eye, ear protection. Medical gloves, mask, splash shield.
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PPE limitations
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Fire resistance, penetration, permeation, degradation, metabolic heat factor, encapsulation.
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TPP
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Thermal protection performance.
Simulates heat exposure. Time before a 2nd degree or greater burn, for example turnout coat is 35 sec. |
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Flame Resistance Test
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Suspended over flame for 12 sec.
Should self extinguish <2 sec. Char damage <4 inches. |
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Thermal Shrinkage
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Materials subjected to/baked 5 min at 500 F (260 C)
To see if: ignites, melts, separates |
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IAFF
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International Association of Fire Fighters
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CGSB
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Canadian General Standards Board
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FEMSA
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Fire and Emergency Manufacturers and Services Association
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MOL
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Ministry of Labour
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NIOSH
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The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
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Most FF Injuries Occur When
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Firefighters fail to properly don PPE
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Station Safety
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Most time spent.
Safety is primary concern for visitors. Must meet local codes. Should be inspected for hazards. Preventative maintenance. Housekeeping, clean spills, no running/horseplay, proper lifting techniques. |
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Tools & Equipment Safety
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Meet NFPA standards, proper training, inspection/maintenance schedule (must be inspected weekly), proper tool for proper job, follow manufacturer's instructions, PPE required (eye, face, ear, hand), cleaning, storage, use guards.
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Apparatus Safety
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Driver responsible, signal system between crew/driver, ride in crew cab, no tailboard riding, don't dress on apparatus, seat belts, use handrails, 3 points of contact. 15,300 FD collisions (year 2000).
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Training Safety
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All FF continually train, 95% for what we do 5% of the time, training area free of hazards, PPE for all simulations/drills.
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Training Topics
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PPE, accountability, company drills, fitness, fire behaviour/phenomena, IMS, apparatus driving.
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Fitness/Wellness
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Annual medical, cardiovascular fitness, strength, flexibility, nutrition, not smoking, healthy lifestyle, meet demands of the job, work hardening, overexertion, back injuries/strain, coping with stress (EAP, CISM), fitness/wellness means: less time lost to injury/illness, no loss of expertise to crew.
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Fireground Safety
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IMS is fireground management, popularized by Brunacini (Phoenix Fire Chief), Fire depts. respond to >2 million incidents/year, FF must understand chain of command, control & accountability on scene.
Teamwork, avoid over enthusiasm, watch actions of others, avoid tunnel vision, watch for partner, air management, common sense. |
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IMS
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Incident management system.
Uses common terminology, modular organization, integrated comms., consolidated incident action plans, span of control, resource management. |
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IMS Purpose and Benefits
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1 - Avoids Chaos
2 - Co-ordination & control of fireground 3 - Establishes chain of command 4 - Efficient use of resources 5 - Eliminates freelancing 6 - Personnel safety 7 - Objectives/priorities clearly defined |
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IC
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Incident Commander.
1 - Analyse situation 2 - Determine strategy 3 - Assigns tactical priorities 4 - Overall scene coordination 5 - Comms. 6 - Fireground Safety |
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Tactical Priorities
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1 - Life Safety (FF & Rescue)
2 - Incident Stabilization (Fire, hazmat, MVC) 3 - Property/Environment 4 - Customer Stabilization |
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ISO
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Incident Safety Officer.
Appointed by IC, expertise, knowledge to manage scene safely, works closely with IC regarding safety, monitors scene & ops., reports hazards & risks to IC. Provides scene safety, safety zones/collapse zones, hot zones/other hazards monitored and communicated to all, can stop/suspend or alter any unsafe activities, CISM avail. when needed. |
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LIP
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Location, Identification, Problem
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LUNAR
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Location, Unit Name, Assignment, Resources.
Activate PASS after, activate emerg. button on radio. |
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Utilities to Control at Fireground
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Hydro, gas, LPG/CNG, water, elevators.
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Rehab
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Physical assessment, revitalization (rest, fluids, nutrition), monitor vitals, med. evaluation & treatment, transportation, CISM, reassignment.
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Escape Steps
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1 - Pre-plan escape
2 - Report need for rapid evac. 3 - Acknowledge evac. signal 4 - Rapidly Escape 5 - Report Status When Out |
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OODA Loop
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Observe, orient, decide, act
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Ground Gradient
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"Pool" of electricity from source.
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Step Potential
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Difference in voltage between feet. Shuffle step, bunny hop.
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Touch Potential
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Potential difference between hand on energized source, feet are some distance from that source.
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Safe Distance From Electricity Unknowns
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6 meters!
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Voltage
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Volts.
Force that causes flow of electricity (like water pressure) |
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Current
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Amperes. The one that kills. (like rate of flow)
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Resistance
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Ohms. (like friction in a pipe)
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