Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what is the sum of all biochemical reactions in a cell?
|
metabolism
|
|
|
What are two types of metabolsim?
|
anabolism
catabolsim |
|
|
What is anabolism?
|
synthesis reactions
(building something) |
|
|
What is catabolism?
|
decomposition reactions
(breaking something down) |
|
|
What are reactions broken down by?
|
enzymes
|
|
|
What is insolan?
|
takes sugar out
|
|
|
What is glucodon?
|
puts sugar back in
|
|
|
What is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram (1L) water by 1 degree celsius?
|
a calorie
|
|
|
Energy is the capacity to do what?
|
work
|
|
|
The first law of thermodynamics (Law of energy conservation) is...
|
any form of energy can be transformed to other forms of energy but energy is never lost.
(all energy is always the same: energy cannot be lost, only converted) |
|
|
What are the types of energy? (6)
|
potential energy, kinectic energy, chemical energy (energy in bonds), radiation energy (light), nuclear energy, and heat (kinetic energy of molecules)
|
|
|
What does thermodynamics mean?
|
dynamics= functioning of
thermo= heat |
|
|
Most forms of energy can be converted into what?
|
heat energy
|
|
|
What is energy?
|
the capicity to make energy
|
|
|
What is heat measured by?
|
kilocalories
|
|
|
food to ATP is what type of energy?
|
chemical energy
|
|
|
ATP changes into what form of energy?
|
kinetic energy
|
|
|
What law is entrophy associated with?
|
the second law: disorder is more likely than order
|
|
|
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
|
disorder is more likely than order
|
|
|
All energy transformations result in what?
|
increase of disorder
|
|
|
What means the disorder of the universe which is always increasing?
|
entrophy
|
|
|
After energy transformations the energy becomes...
|
less useful
|
|
|
In which two ways do chemical reactions occur?
|
endergonic and exergonic
|
|
|
All energy transformations result in the loss of what?
|
useful ("free") energy
|
|
|
What is an endergonic reaction?
|
a reaction requiring an input of energy
|
|
|
what is an exergonic reaction?
|
a reaction that releases energy
|
|
|
the amount of energy needed for a reaction to proceed is called what?
|
free energy change
|
|
|
the molecule that transfers energy is called what?
|
adesnosine triphosphate (ATP)
|
|
|
what are the examples of free energy change?
|
glucose synthesis (+) and glucose breakdown (-) gives off
|
|
|
what is the adenosine triphosphate's structure like?
|
ribose (5 carbon sugar) adenine and 3 phosphates
energy stored in the bonds between phosphates |
|
|
most reactions require extra energy to get started, what is the term called?
|
activation energy
|
|
|
phosphates are highly negative so they in result ...
|
repeling each other
|
|
|
What do catalysts do?
|
substances that lower the activation energy of a reaction
|
|
|
what are enzymes?
|
molecules that catalyze reactions in living cells
|
|
|
In the cell, the energy from exergonic reactions is used to fuel what type of reaction?
|
endergonic reactions
|
