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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Enzymes |
special proteins, controls rate of reaction |
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Metabolism |
sum of total chemical reactions |
chemical reactions |
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Anabolism |
celluar growth and repair |
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Anabolism |
larger molecules form into smaller ones, needs energy |
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Catabolism |
larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones, releases energy |
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Dehydration Synthesis |
joins monosaccharides to form glycogen |
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Anabolism Forms |
Glycogen, fat, protein, nucleic acid |
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Catabolism |
break down larger molecules into smaller ones |
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Hydrolysis |
decompose carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins with a water molecule |
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Substrate |
particular molecule of an enzyme |
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Active Sites |
temporarily combines with substtates to form enzyme substrate complex |
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Metabolic Pathways |
synthesis or breakdown of particular biochemicals |
controlled |
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Rate Limiting Enzyme |
enzyme ineffectual at high substrate concentrations |
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Cofactor |
help binds enzyme to its subatrate |
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Coenzyme |
small organic molecule that support a cofactor |
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Vitamins |
organic molecules that human cells can't synthesize or don't have enough of |
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Energy |
change something or do work |
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Cellular Respiration |
process that transfers energy from molecules and makes it available for cellular use |
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ATP |
molecule that carries energy in a form a cell can use |
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ADP |
loses its terminal phosphate, only have two phosphate |
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Phosphorylation |
atp is resynthesized from an adp molecule |
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Oxidation |
oxygen combines with another chemical, removes loss electrons (hydrogen) |
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Aerobic |
oxygen |
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Anaerobic |
no oxygen |
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Gylcolysis |
breaking of glucose |
anaerobic |
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Anaerobic Reactions |
NAD+2H+NADH+H |
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Lactic Acid |
NADH+help gives electrons and hydrogens back to pyruvic acid |
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Aerobic Reactions |
pyruvic acid, acetyl CoA, NAD, FAD, FADH2, ATP |
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DNA |
information that instructs a cell to synthesize a paticular protein |
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Genetic Code |
information for synthesizing proteins encoded in the nucleotide |
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Gene |
genetic information for making a particular protein |
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Genome |
complete set of genetic instructions in a cell |
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Gene Expression |
which proteins are produced in a paticular cell |
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Antiparallel |
DNA sugars forming two backbones in opposite direction |
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Purines |
A and G two organic ring structures |
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Pyrimidines |
T and C single organic rings |
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Complementary Pairs |
one DNA strand can always be derived from the other |
A and T, G and C |
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Histones |
DNA wound around octets of proteins |
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DNA Replication |
creates exact copy of DNA |
Interphase |
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RNA |
single stranded, ribose, uracil replaces thymine |
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Transcription |
copying DNA information into RNA |
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mRNA (messenger) |
delivering information from nucleus to cytoplasm |
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Codons |
three base sequence of amino acids |
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Translation |
codons of mRNA from nucleic acids to amino acids |
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tRNA (Transfer) |
aligns amino acids so they can bind to each other |
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Anticodon |
bonds only to complementary mRNA codon |
tRNA |
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rRNA (Ribosomal RNA) |
binding of tRNA and mRNA |
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Mutations |
rare distinctions in DNA sequence affect how we look and feel |
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SNPs |
genetic variants with no detectable effects |
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DNA Damage Response |
restores original structure of double strand DNA |
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Mutagen |
anything that causes an mutation |
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