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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the definition of cellular immunology?
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-The immune response involving effector T lymphocytes, not B.
-Responsible for allograft rejecction, viral/protozoan infectinos, intracellular organisms. |
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What 7 things is Cell-mediated immunity responsible for?
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1. Contact sensitivity
2. Delayed hypersensitivity 3. Immunity to viral/fungal Ags 4. Immunity to intracellualr organisms. 5. Rejection of foreign tissue grafts 6. Elimination of tumor cells bearing neo Ag 7. Formation of chronic granulomas. |
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In contrast to cell-mediated, what is humoral immunity responsible for?
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1. Elimination of SOLUBLE Ag.
2. Destruction of EXTRAcellular organisms. |
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What factors affect immunologic disease?
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1. Age
2. Diet 3. Malignancies 4. Direct toxic/allrgc effect 5. BRAIN |
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What does it mean to say that Tcells are "MHC restricted"?
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Antigen MUST be presented to T cells by MHC molecules, in order for an immune reaction to occur.
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How does MHC relate to HLA?
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The antigens are codominantly expressed, and both are located on chromosome 6.
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What are:
CD1 CD2 CD3 CD5 |
1 = Thymocytes
2 = E-rosette marker 3 = mature Tcell, TCR - on both Tc and Th 5 = Pan Tcell (some Bcells) |
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what are:
CD4 CD8 CD7 |
4 = Thelpers
8 = Tcytotoxics 7 = Pan Tcells |
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What's important to remember re: Thelper cells
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-CD4, recognize MHCII
-Stimulate Bcells -FC RECEPTOR FOR IGM AGGREGRATES -orchestrate cmi, influence macrophages. |
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what do Tc cells recognize?
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Ag associated with Class I MHC or just recognize MHCI alone.
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what are the major effectors in graft rejection?
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Tc cells
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Can Tc cells act alone?
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no; require help in the form of IL2 secreted by Th cells.
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In lymphocytes what % are:
-Tcells -Bcells |
T = 70-85%
B = 10-15% |
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What percent are
-Th -Tc |
Thelpers = 50-60%
Tcytotox = 20-25% T4:T8 ratio is 2:1 |
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what are B cell markers?
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CD10
CD19 CD20 SIg HLA-DR |
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What is CD10?
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Early pre-b cell CALLA; if elevated in kids, might imply leukemia.
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What are CD19 and 20?
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Pan B-cell markers
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what is SIg?
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Surface immunoglobulin - obviously would be on Bcells.
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What is HLA-DR?
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MHCII
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How do Bcells function?
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Independent or dependent of Tcells.
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What are characteristics of Bcell antibody production independent of Tcells?
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-Only produce IgM
-Doesn't produce memory response -Only works w/ some antigens |
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Where are higher levels of Bcells found?
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-Lymph nodes
-Spleen |
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What stimulates NK cells?
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IL2; same as stimulates Tc cells.
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what % of t cells are NK?
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10%
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What % of all lymphocytes are:
T B NK |
T = 70-85%
B = 10-15% NK = 10% |
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What are the cell markers for NK cells?
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CD16
CD56 CD57 |
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What's an internal check for calculating T4/T8 counts?
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T4 + T8 should app. = T3
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How do macrophages recognize cells to ingest?
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Fc receptors for Ab/opsonins
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What is the function of macrophages and monocytes?
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Antigen processing
Antigen presentation |
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What is the normal number of macrophages/monocytes in the peripheral blood?
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132-770/uL
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what are the cell markers of macrophages/monocytes?
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CD14
CD4 (dim) HLA-DR |
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What are 2 congenital Tcell disorders?
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-DiGeorge's
-Nezelof'f |
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what is digeorge's roughly?
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a hypoplastic thymus
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What are 3 acquired Tcell disorders?
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-AIDS
-Autoimmune -Lymphoid malignancies |
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what are 4 congenital Bcell disorders?
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-Bruton's Xlinked agammaglobulinemia
-Selective IgA deficiency -CVID -Hyper IgM syndrome |
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what is CD45?
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a control used in Flow cytometry to ensure cells tested are wBCs
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what are mitogens?
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things in nature that stimulate lymphocyte proliferation.
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What is the clinical usefulness of flow cytometry in immunology?
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Monitor patients with AIDS, ARC, HIV, lymphoma, leukemia, and immunodeficiency.
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How does the HIV virus work?
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-Binds CD4 receptor on Thelpers.
-Reverse Transcrp. converts viral RNA to proviral DNA. -Proviral DNA integrates into host DNA. -New viral particles form -Viral particles bud off, cause cell death. |
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What 3 things allow HIV to avoid the immune system?
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1. HIV can avoid the immune system.
2. Mutates very fast 3. Acts on cells that are needed to destroy it (Thelpers) |
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what's the simplest wayto monitor HIV patients?
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monitor their T4 cells
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What are the 2 stages in HIV-infection? how are their characterized?
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ARC; CD4 <400/uL
AIDS; fit CDC criteria |
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What usually characterizes a lymphoma?
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kappa or lambda gammaglobulin clonality.
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What are 3 types of BMT, and what makes them that?
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Autologous - from self
Allogeneic - from someone else Syngeneic - from identical twin |
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What must be matched for BMT?
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-Class I MHC (A and B)
-Class 2 MHC (DR and DQ) |
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What 2 types of rejection occur sometimes after BMT?
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-GVHD graft vs host
-GVL graft vs leukemia |
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what is GVL?
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the donor immunocompetent cells recognize patient's remaining malignant cells as foreign, and destroys them. not so bad..
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what are the 2 phases of GVHD?
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1. Acute - develops in immediate post-transplant period
2. Chronic - 100 days after |
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what are 4 types of graft rejection?
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-Hyperacute (on the table!)
-Accelerated -Acute -Chronic |
