Cellular Form & Functions

Front 1

Cell

Back 1

Basic unit of life

Front 2

3 major parts of the cell are

Back 2

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Cell membrane (plasma)

Front 3

What is the cell membrane

Back 3

Selectively (semi) permeable membrane that lets substances through the cell while preventing others substances from entering or leaving

Front 4

Structure of the cell membrane includes

Back 4

Phospholipids w/protein & cholesterol

Front 5

Cholesterol does what in the cell membrane

Back 5

Stabilizes the cell membrane

Front 6

Phospholipids are

Back 6

Fats/lipids

Double or biylayer

Front 7

Peripheral (outside) proteins in the cell membrane includes

Back 7

1. Cell adhesion

2. Enzymes

3. Structural

4. Major histocampatibility complex

Hint 7

There are 4

Front 8

Cell adhesion

Back 8

Binds cells together

Hint 8

Peripheral proteins

Front 9

Enzymes

Back 9

Speed up

Hint 9

Peripheral proteins

Front 10

Structural

Back 10

Support for the cell membrane & attaches to the cytoskeleton

Hint 10

Peripheral proteins

Front 11

Major histocampatibility complex

Back 11

Id tag

Marker

Identifier

Glycoprotein

Hint 11

Peripheral protein

Front 12

Peripheral proteins means

Back 12

Outside the membrane

Hint 12

Cell membrane proteins

Front 13

Cell membrane permeability is determined by

Back 13

1. Size of molecule

2. Solubility in lipids

3. Charges or ions

4. Presence of carrier molecules

Front 14

Integral (inside) proteins inside the cell membrane are

Back 14

1. Receptors

2. Channel or gate proteins

3. Carrier pump or enzyme

Hint 14

Integral proteins

Front 15

Receptors are

Back 15

Hormones attached

Hint 15

Integral proteins

Front 16

Channel or gate proteins

Back 16

Allow passage of water

Hint 16

Integral proteins

Front 17

Carrier pump or enzymes

Back 17

1. Water soluble

2. Transports solutes across the membrane

Hint 17

Integral proteins

Front 18

Cytoplasm is

Back 18

Gel or fluid that moves between the cell membrane & nucleus

Front 19

Ribosomes function is to

Back 19

Synthesize proteins

Hint 19

Cytoplasmic organelle & function

Front 20

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

(RER) function is to

Back 20

Synthesize proteins

Hint 20

Cytoplasmic organelle & function

Front 21

Smooth er (endoplasmic reticulum) function is to

Back 21

1. Synthesize lipids

Ex. Lipids, estrogen, testosterone

2. Detoxification of toxic substances

3. Storage of calcium intake he muscle (sarcoplasmic reticulum)

Hint 21

Cytoplasmic organelle & function

Front 22

Golgi apparatus function is to

Back 22

Modifies proteins synthesized in the rer by adding sugar molecules

Hint 22

Cytoplasmic organelle & function

Front 23

Lysosomes function is to

Back 23

1. Digest worn out cells

2. In leukocytes & macrophages digest ingested bacteria & other foreign particles

3. Digest bags of enzymes that are worn out

Hint 23

Cytoplasmic organelle & function

Front 24

Peroxisomes functions include

Back 24

1. Detoxification of hydrogen peroxide

2. Detoxification of alcohol & toxins

3. Breakdown of drugs both street & pharmaceutical

4. Removal of free radicals (bad oxygen)

Front 25

Mitochondria function is

Back 25

Production of ATP

Hint 25

Cytoplasmic organelle& function

Front 26

Mitochondria function is

Back 26

Production of ATP

Hint 26

Cytoplasmic organelle& function

Front 27

Centrosome function is the

Back 27

Separation of chromosomes during mitosis & meiosis

Hint 27

Cytoplasmic organelle & function

Front 28

Cytoskeleton consist of

Back 28

Microfilaments - protein actin (thin filaments)

Microtubules - globular protein subunit called tubulin

Hint 28

Cytoplasmic organelle

Front 29

Microfilaments functions are

Back 29

1. Support the plasma membrane

2. Support & movement of microvilli

Hint 29

Cytoplasmic organelle & function

Front 30

Microfilaments functions are

Back 30

1. Support the plasma membrane

2. Support & movement of microvilli

Hint 30

Cytoplasmic organelle & function

Front 31

Microtubules function is

Back 31

1. Give structure & support to the cell , cilia & flagella

2. Aids in transport of substance through cells

3. Distribution of chromosomes in mitosis & meiosis

4. Axoplasmic flows in nerve cells

Hint 31

Cytoplasmic organelle & function

Front 32

Where is the axoplasmic located

Back 32

Inside the neuron of the axon

Hint 32

Microtubule is the organelle

Front 33

Cilia are numerous short projections...what arethe functions

Back 33

Movement of mucus & fluids along surface of tissue or organs

Hint 33

Cytoplasmic organelle & function

Front 34

Flagella are long single projection...what are the functions

Back 34

Movement of cells or fluids along surface cells

Ex. Sperm

Hint 34

Cytoplasmic organelle function

Front 35

What is the nucleus

Back 35

The blueprint for all proteins made by cells

Contains DNA

Front 36

Parts of the nucleus include

Back 36

Nuclear envelope - double layer contains nuclear pores

Nucleoplasm - fluid in the nucleus

Nucleolus - structure in the nucleus that produces ribosomes rna

Chromatin - dna contains genes

Front 37

Parts of the nucleus include

Back 37

Nuclear envelope - double layer contains nuclear pores

Nucleoplasm - fluid in the nucleus

Nucleolus - structure in the nucleus that produces ribosomes rna

Chromatin - dna contains genes

Front 38

Movements of substances through cell membranes include

Back 38

1. Passive transport - no atp or energy output

2. Equilibrium - balance whatever goes in or out

3. Diffusion - movement from higher to lower concentration

4. Facilitated diffusion - carrier molecule transport, no atp or energy involved

5. Osmosis - diffusion of water... High to low concentration through semipermeable membrane

Front 39

Solvent is

Back 39

Liquid substance that are dissolved

Front 40

Solute is

Back 40

Dissolved in a liquid

Front 41

Solute is

Back 41

Dissolved in a liquid

Front 42

Isotonic solution is

Back 42

Cell size stays the same

Front 43

Hypertonic solution is

Back 43

Cell will undergo crenation or

Shrink

Front 44

Hypertonic solution is

Back 44

Cell will undergo crenation or

Shrink

Front 45

Hypotonic solution is

Back 45

The cell will gain weight or swell

Front 46

Hypertonic solution is

Back 46

Cell will undergo crenation or

Shrink

Front 47

Hypotonic solution is

Back 47

The cell will gain weight or swell

Front 48

Non-diffusable solutes are

Back 48

Salt, sugar & proteins

Front 49

Hypertonic solution is

Back 49

Cell will undergo crenation or

Shrink

Front 50

Hypotonic solution is

Back 50

The cell will gain weight or swell

Front 51

Non-diffusable solutes are

Back 51

Salt, sugar & proteins

Front 52

Filtration is

Back 52

Gravity or under pressure (hydrostatic)

Ex. Kidney filtering the blood to form urine

Front 53

Active processes require

Back 53

An input of energy or atp

Front 54

Active transport is

Back 54

Process requires a transporter, carrier pump or enzyme

Hint 54

Sodium pump, calcium pump & chlorine pump

Front 55

2 types of endocytosis

Back 55

1. Pinocytosis- dissolved particles cell drinking

2. Phagocytosis- cell eating wbc engulfing bacteria

Front 56

2 types of endocytosis

Back 56

1. Pinocytosis- dissolved particles cell drinking

2. Phagocytosis- cell eating wbc engulfing bacteria

Front 57

Exocytosis is

Back 57

Cell secretes substances between cells

Front 58

2 types of endocytosis

Back 58

1. Pinocytosis- dissolved particles cell drinking

2. Phagocytosis- cell eating wbc engulfing bacteria

Front 59

Exocytosis is

Back 59

Cell secretes substances between cells

Front 60

Extracellular fluid compartment

Back 60

Fluid outside the cell

30%-35% total body water

Front 61

Intracellular fluid compartment

Back 61

Fluids with the cells (cell membrane)

65%-70% total body water

Front 62

3 major compartments of extracellular fluid

Back 62

1. Interstitial (intercellular) fluid- fluid surrounds and bathes cells

2. Plasma- blood

3. Lymph- fluid in lymphatic vessels & lymph nodes

Front 63

3 major compartments of extracellular fluid

Back 63

1. Interstitial (intercellular) fluid- fluid surrounds and bathes cells

2. Plasma- blood

3. Lymph- fluid in lymphatic vessels & lymph nodes

Front 64

Protein starvation, kidney failure or liver disease causes

Back 64

Decrease plasma proteins

Decrease osmatic pressure of the blood

Water moves out the blood into interstitial space causing edema

Front 65

Excessive salt or glucose causes

Back 65

Increase water retention ( swelling)

Increase thirst & fluid intake

Causes edema