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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell theory |
1) All living organisms are composed of cells. 2) The cell is the most basic unit of life. 3) All cells arise from pre-existing, living cells. 4) Chemical reactions of life take place inside the cell. 5) Cells carry genetic information in the form of DNA. - disc 17th century |
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kingdoms of living things |
1) Bacteria 2) archaea 3) prostista 4) fungi 5) plantae 6) animalia |
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cell types |
1) prokaryotic 2) eukaryotic |
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cell membrane |
-enclose cell - selective permeability - fluid mosaic model |
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Fluid mosaic model |
- cell membrane - phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded throughout, prot and lipids freely move within memb |
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phospholipid bilayer |
- phospholipid's long, nonpolar, H-phobic, fatty chains of carbon and H face each other - phosphorus, polar, H philic heads face out |
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cell membrane permeability |
- small, nonpolar, H phobic molecs ^- ex oxygen - small polar molecs ^-- ex water - small charged particles can cross through prot channels - charged ions and larger charged molec's cross with carrier proteins |
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Carrier Proteins |
Transporters 1. Uniport - one path in one direction 2. Symport - two paths in same direction 3. Antiport - two paths in opposite directions |
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nucleus |
-control activity of cell ex cell division - stores DNA -DNA with histones form chromosomes - histones regulate gene transcription |
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nucleolus |
-dense structure in nucleus where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis occurs |
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rRNA |
used for prot synthesis at the ribosome |
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ribosome |
-site of prot synthesis - made by nucleolus - free ribosomes in cytoplasm - bound ribosome on outer memb of endoplasmic reticulum |
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endoplasmic reticulum |
-network of memb enclosed spaces - transports materials thru-out cell - 2 ER: 1) rough ER --> has ribomsomes and help in prot synthesis 2) smooth ER --> help with metabolism and production of lipids |
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Golgi body/apparatus |
-receives vesicles and their contents from smooth ER - modifies (via glycosylation), repackages them into vesicles, distributes them to cell surface for exocytosis |
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glycosylation |
the reaction where a carbohydrate, i.e. a glycosyl donor, is attached to a hydroxyl or other functional group of another molecule (a glycosyl acceptor) |
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mitochondria |
-aerobic respiration within cell - thus supplies E (ATP) - composed of outer and inner phospholipid bilayer |
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cytoplasm |
- most of cell's metabilic activity occurs in cytoplasm - composed of organelle and cytosol --> fluid within cell memb |
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cyclosis |
- the type of transportation that occurs in cytoplasm - streaming movement within cell |
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vacuales/vesicles |
-memb bound sacs - help in transport and storage of materials that are ingested, secreted, processed or digested by cell (ISPD) - vacuoles larger than vesicles and in plants ` |
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centrioles |
-made of microtubules - help in spindle organization during cell division - not bound by a membrane - animal cells have a pair of centrioles at right angle to each other that lie in centrosoomes |
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centrosome |
-organize microtubules - help regulate cell cycle - plant cells don't have centrioles |
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lysosomes |
-membrane bound vesicles - have hydrolytic enzymes, help with intracellular digestion - break down material ingested by cell - autolysis |
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autolysis |
-occur in injured, dying cell --> self destruct - lysosomes rupture, release hydrolytic enzymes |
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cytoskeleton |
-supports cell, maintain shape, help cell motility - made of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments |
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microtubules |
-hollow rodes made from polymerized tubulin -provide support, framework for organelle movement -ex centrioles are microtubules - ex cilia and flagella are microtubules, the help with cell motility and cytoplasmic movement |
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microfilament |
-solid rods of actin - cell movement and support - muscle contraction, due to actin-myosin interaction |
