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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what do lipoproteins do
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transport lipids
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what plays a critical role in atherosclerosis
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lipoproteins
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what is the purpose of apoproteins
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apoproteins react with cell receptors and determine the fate of the lipoprotein
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what are lipoproteins composed of
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apoproteins. cholesterol, phospholipids, T3
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what does the TG we ingest form
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chylomicrons
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what does De Novo TG do
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it gets formed into VLDL
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what is chylomicrons composed of
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TG
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what is VLDL composed of
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TG
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what is IDL composed of
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cholsterol, TG
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what is LDL composed of
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cholesterol
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whats is HDL composed of
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proteins
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what happens to chylomicrons
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they transport the fuel (TG) then the remnants enter the liver
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what happens to VLDL and IDL remnants
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they are converted into LDL and if not immediately taken up the the liver/metabolized enter the overflow pathway
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what tranports cholesterol from the cells back to the liver
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HDL
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what makes the fuel distribution network in the body
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VLDL and chylomicrons
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what happens after VLDL and chylomicrons distribute their TG
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they are converted into LDL and then are sent to distribute cholesterol to cells/tissue or the liver
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what can cause LDL/cholesterol to enter the overflow pathway
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high intake of cholesterol or decrease in available LDL receptors
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what happens if LDL or cholesterol stays in circulation for too long
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it will deposit into the arterial wall
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how is LDL protected from oxidation
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Vit E, C, and ubiquinol protect LDL from oxidation but once it enters the arterial wall it loses all oxidation protection making fatty acids and phospholipids suceptible to oxidation
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what causes damage to the endothelium
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smoking, hypertension, oxidation of LDL
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what are the steps in formation clogging of the arteries
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LDL penetrates the vascular wall and deposits into Itima where it will be oxidized >
once LDL is oxidized the proteins will be expressed causing monocytes to attach at the arterial wall > The monocytes will enter the arterial wall and become macrophages and ingest the oxidized LDL> if the macrophage ingests too much LDL it becomes a "foam cell" and will form yellow patches in the arterial wall> once the the macrophage dies it will release the lipids which form a yellow pool in the arterial walls> the smooth muscle cells will form a collagen extracellular matrix over the yellow pool> macrophages and T cells will be on the edge of the plaque and begin to degrade it> T cells will release gamma interferon which inhibit the formation of collagen by the smooth muscle cells> the plaque will weaken and once it breaks it will expose the phospholipids and collagen to the blood which results in platelets adhering to them forming blood clotes |
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what is the collagen extracellular matrix formed by smooth muscle cells called
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mature atherosclerotic plaque
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what inhibits plaque formation
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vitamin E, probucol(drug), and butylated hydroxytoluen
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what reduces the risk of atherosclerosis in humans
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Vit E and C
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what lipoproteins do you want in high numbers
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HDL
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what do Fatty acids bind to in blood
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serum abumin which allows them to travel through blood and protects them from oxidation
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