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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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WHAT ARE THE TWO WAYS B LYMPHOCYTE RECEPTORS
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FcR - in which the antibody binds to
surface IgM - in which the antigen binds to |
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what is the surface IgM on b cells linked to
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Igalpha and Igbeta which sends a signal creating more antibodies
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what does FcR do to Igalpha and Igbeta
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it uses a phosphatase and removes a phosphate group from Igalpha/Igbeta making them unable to send the signal
this is done to turn off the production of antibodies as your clearing antigen |
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what occurs in DEATH RECEPTOR INDUCED APOPTOSIS
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regulatory cell binds to target cell via FASL:FAS
DISC complex is formed which contains CASPASE 8 CASPASE 8 ACTIVATION LEADS TO DNA DEGREDATION IN TARGET CELLS |
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what occurs in STRESS INDUCES APOPTOSIS
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various stress activate stress pathway causing release of CYTOCHROME C FROM MITOCHONDRIA
cytochrome c forms complex w/ proteins (CASPASE 9) forming a APOPTOSOME CASPASE 9 TRIGGERS DNA DEGREDATION OF TARGET CELLS |
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what does stress induces apoptosis form
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apotosome
caspase 9 |
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what does death receptor induced form
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DISC
caspase 8 |
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where are T regulatory cells found
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2ndary lymphoid tissue
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what do T reg cells have
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CD4/CD25
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how do T reg cells work
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secrete IL10/TGFbeta which acts on TH1 cells reducing their expression of IFN gamma there for turns down TH1 response
T reg also possibly increases CTLA4 on TH1 via cell to cell contact |
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what occurs in DEFECTIVE PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION
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mhc2 has a low affinity to the binding of the antigen and as a result the TCR won't recognize it
this occurs due to variations in peoples peptides so some people have a higher affinity to some antigens |
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what occurs in DEFECTIVE T CELL REPERTOIRE
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when t cells recognize peptides of our own proteins they die so when a antigen comes along and has a similar struture to that peptide there is no T cell to recognize it
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what occurs in T CELL SUPPRESSION
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nothing wrong w/ MHC/Tcell/no gap in repertoire
regulatory t cells are very suppressive and reduce T cell activity |
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what occurs in psychosocial stress
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decrease in NK cells
decrease in IL2 Receptors increase in IL6, TNFalpha |
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what happens when there is a decreaese in NK cells
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increase in virus infections
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what happens when there is a decrease in IL-2R
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decrease in T cell proliferation/maturation
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how can you measure stress
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if there is an increase in glucocorticoids
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what are the pyrogens
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IL-1
IL-6 TNF alpha |
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what are the endocrine cytokines
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IL-1
IL-6 TNF alpha |
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how do macrophages/TH1 cells cause glucocorticoid production
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they secrease IL1/IL6/TNF alpha
these act on the hypothalamus causing increase in temp hypothalamus secretes CRH on anterior pituatary anterio p secretes ACTH on adrenal gland adrenal gland secretes glucocortioids |
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what secretes glucocorticoids
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adrenal gland
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what occurs in Immunosenscene (occurs w/ aging)
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decrease in TH1 activity (therefore less IL2 activity)
increase in autoantibody chronic low grade inflammation (due ot increase in IL1/IL6/TNF alpha) decrease NK activity |
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what occurs in malnutrition
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decrease CD4 T cells
atrophy of lymphoid tissue decrease antibody |
