Cells Sem 2 Test 2 Chapter 6

Front 1

where does gene rearangement of Ig/TCR occur

Back 1

in lymphocytes in primary lymphoid organs

Front 2

when do lymphocytes see the antigen

Back 2

lymphocytes after the rearangement of TCR/Ig travel to secondary lymphoid organs and this is where they see the antigen

Front 3

where are the primary lymphoid organs

Back 3

bone marrow and thymus

Front 4

what occurs in 2ndary lymphoid organs/periphery tissue

Back 4

dendrites phagocytosis the antigen

Front 5

how do dendrites carry antigen

Back 5

dendrites eat up the antigen in the peripheral organs (secondary lymphoid organs)

dendrites then carry the antigen to the lymph nodes in the lymphatic system

dendrites then present the antigen to the naive lymphocytes (which undergoes proliferation)

lymphocytes then traffic to where they are needed

Front 6

what recognizes surface markers

Back 6

monoclonal antibodies

Front 7

what does CD3 used for

Back 7

TCR signalling complex (all t cells)

Front 8

what does CD4 use for

Back 8

co stimulator (all TH)

Front 9

what does CD20 use for

Back 9

unknown function (all B cells)

Front 10

what does CD8 used for

Back 10

co stimulator (all CTL)

Front 11

what is a TCR signalling complex

Back 11

CD3

Front 12

what is used in the detection of surface markers

Back 12

FAC/Flow Cytometry

Front 13

what occurs in flow cytometry/FAC

Back 13

MoAb against a surface marker is conjugated w/ a fluorescent molecule (fluorescent antibody)

the fluorescent tag will fluoresce when light shined on it

Front 14

what are the properties of primary lymphoid tissues

Back 14

example: bone marrow/thymus
no antigen contact here
TCR/Ig rearrangement in lymphocytes occurs here

Front 15

what are mature lymphocytes

Back 15

lymphocytes that leave primary lymphoid tissues THEY ARE STILL NAIVE B/C NO ANTIGEN CONTACT

Front 16

what are the properties of secondary lymphoid tissues

Back 16

antigen contact btwn dendrite cells and naive lymphocyes

positioned in right place to receive antigen

Front 17

what is the primary activator of lymphocytes

Back 17

dendritic cells

Front 18

what does interstitial fluid drain into

Back 18

lymphatic system

Front 19

what is lymph

Back 19

fluid

Front 20

what does lymph drain into

Back 20

into circulation via thoracic duct

Front 21

what is the movement of leukocytes in circulation etc

Back 21

leukocytes enter inflammade tissue via HIGH WALL ENDOTHELIUM (HEV)

dendritic cells w/ processed antigen for T cells move to lymph node
antigen can also move to lymph nodes on it own and make contact w/ B cells

lymphocytes that have matured and encountered antigen go through thoracic duct into circulation

while in circulation lymphocytes home to the site of infection/inflammation

Front 22

what are adressins

Back 22

they are surface proteins on endothelium which bind to surface proteins on lymphocytes to attract them to the correct location

Front 23

where do memory t cells home

Back 23

to the area where they first encountered antigen

Front 24

how do lymphocytes transmigrate (from circulation through endothelial cells lining capillary into tissue)

Back 24

inflammation/infection in tissues send signal into capillaries attracting lymphocytes

lymphocytes bind to adressins on surface of endothelium via L-selectin

endothelium will secrete molecules (chemokines) that cause change in lymphocyte (activate LFA-1) making it adhere tighter

once a tight adhesion has been made the lymphocyte flattens and goes through a space in the endothelium (ICAM 1/2 bind to LFA-1)

Front 25

what does e-selectin do

Back 25

e-selectin in on the endothelium

e-selectin grabs to Mucin like CAM

Front 26

what does Interleukin 8 do (IL-8)

Back 26

IL-8 is a chemokine secreted by the endothelium that causes a conformational change of the integrin on the lymphocyte surface

Front 27

WHAT IS A NEUTROPHIL ACTIVATOR AND ACTTRACTOR

Back 27

IL-8

Front 28

what does a conformational change do to integrin

Back 28

it allows integrin to grab onto ICAM on the endothelium

Front 29

what causes a complete stop to the rolling of the lymphocyte

Back 29

interaction of ICAM and Integrin

Front 30

where are stem cells located

Back 30

bone marrow

Front 31

what are hte encapsulated lymph nodes

Back 31

spleen
lymph node

Front 32

what is the unencapsulated lymph nodes

Back 32

MALT

Front 33

the afferent lymph goes where

Back 33

lymph node carrying dendritic cells w/ the processed antigen to be presented to TH

OR

antigen that will enter the lymph node and bind to B cells

Front 34

what activates B cells

Back 34

interaction w/ antigen and TH

Front 35

there efferent lymp goes where

Back 35

from the lymph node to circulation carrying antibodies and lymphocytes

Front 36

what is found in EVERY 2ndary area

Back 36

follicles

Front 37

what do primary follicles contain

Back 37

resting B cells

Front 38

what do secondary follicles contain and where are they located

Back 38

the core of 2ndary follicles contain large number of proliferating B cells and the germinal center

Front 39

where are germinal centers

Back 39

in secondary follicles

Front 40

what are the properties of germinal centers

Back 40

contain core of proliferating B cells

contain Follicular dendritic cells which display antigens to B cells

Front 41

is the FDC antigen presenting cells

Back 41

no because they don't internalize the antigen and only present it on the surface (antigen not bound to MHC)

Front 42

where do plasma cells and memory cells form

Back 42

germinal centers

Front 43

what do primary B blasts enter

Back 43

they enter germinal centers and exist as plasma cells and memory B cells

Front 44

where are B and T cells segregated and why

Back 44

B cells and T cells are segregated in secondary follicles to insure that T cells only interact with the proper antigen presenting cell (dendrites)

Front 45

what do dendritic cells coming from periphery have access to

Back 45

T cells

Front 46

what do B cells have access to

Back 46

follicular dendritic cells and antigen

Front 47

where do activated B and T cells interact

Back 47

at the edge of follicles

Front 48

how does a primary follicle become a secondary follicle

Back 48

when an antigen is present

Front 49

what are the properties of the spleen

Back 49

contains segregated B and T cell areas

HAS PRIMARY AND SECONDARY FOLLICLES

Front 50

where are B cell areas/T cell areas/ 1 and 2 follicles

Back 50

in the encapsulated lymph nodes

Front 51

what handles antigen coming from the blood

Back 51

spleen

Front 52

what handles antigen comming from tissue

Back 52

lymph node

Front 53

what handles antigen comming from mucuous membranes (GI/respiratory tract)

Back 53

MALT

Front 54

what disease causes spleenomegaly anemia

Back 54

when a person has spherocytosis and the spleen is unable to filter those RBC due to their size

Front 55

what occurs when a person spleen is removed

Back 55

w/o the spleen the person is succeptible to overwhelming post spleenotomy infection (OPSI) a septemic infection b/c spleen not there to filter antigens from blood

this occurs in people w/ spleenomegally b/c their spleens must be removed

Front 56

what does MALT stand for

Back 56

mucous associated lymphoid tissue

Front 57

where is MALT present

Back 57

GI/respiratory tract/genitourinary tracts

Front 58

what are the localized areas containing MALT

Back 58

tonsils
PEYERS patch

Front 59

what all contains germinal centers

Back 59

secondary follicles
M cells
spleen

Front 60

how are lymphocyte activated in MALT

Back 60

antigen from GI etc goes through the M cell to the germinal center to stimulate lymphocyte activation

lymphocytes and antibodies drain into the lymphatic system and then circulation

Front 62

what do plasma cells in MALT secrete

Back 62

IgA

Front 63

what does antigen crossing M cells encounter

Back 63

antigen presenting cells/B cells/Tcells and it eventually ends up in the germinal center

Front 64

what are the privelaged sites

Back 64

cornea

Front 65

how are lymphocyte activated in MALT

Back 65

antigen from GI etc goes through the M cell to the germinal center to stimulate lymphocyte activation

lymphocytes and antibodies drain into the lymphatic system and then circulation

Front 66

in MALT what happens when lymphocytes come back from circulation

Back 66

they take up resonance in the lamina propria

Front 67

what do plasma cells in MALT secrete

Back 67

IgA

Front 68

what does antigen crossing M cells encounter

Back 68

antigen presenting cells/B cells/Tcells and it eventually ends up in the germinal center

Front 69

what are the privelaged sites

Back 69

cornea

Front 70

how are lymphocyte activated in MALT

Back 70

antigen from GI etc goes through the M cell to the germinal center to stimulate lymphocyte activation

lymphocytes and antibodies drain into the lymphatic system and then circulation

Front 71

in MALT what happens when lymphocytes come back from circulation

Back 71

they take up resonance in the lamina propria

Front 72

what do plasma cells in MALT secrete

Back 72

IgA

Front 73

what does antigen crossing M cells encounter

Back 73

antigen presenting cells/B cells/Tcells and it eventually ends up in the germinal center

Front 74

what are the privelaged sites

Back 74

cornea

Front 75

what are the properties of the privelaged sites

Back 75

seperate from immune system
BBB: no complement or Ab passes
MAKE HIGH LEVEL OF CYTOKINE THAT ARE IMMUNO SUPPRESSIVE
EXPRESS HIGH LEVELS OF FASL (binds to Fas on lymphocytes and causes apoptosis)

Front 76

what are examples of immuno suppressive cytokins

Back 76

IL-10
TGF-Beta

Front 77

what is involved in antigen handling

Back 77

dendritic cells
macrophages

Front 78

what are properties of macrophages

Back 78

APC
prominent in lymph nodes
have MHC2
CAN DISPLAY CARBOHYDRATES ON SURFACE
CAN'T PRIME/ACTIVATE NAIVE T CELLS

Front 79

what are properties of Dendritic cells

Back 79

APC
can prime naive t lymphocytes

Front 80

what are the types of dendritic cells

Back 80

Bone Marrow Derived
Follicular Dendritic cells

Front 81

what are the types of Bone marrow derived dendritic cells

Back 81

convention DC
plasmacytoid DC

Front 82

what do conventional DC do

Back 82

bind antigen in tissues
migrate to lymph nodes and become INTERDIGITATING DENDRITIC CELLS

make contact w/ T cells activating them

has MHC2

Front 83

WHAT DO CONVENTIONAL DC BECOME ONCE THEY REACH LYMPH NODE

Back 83

INTERDIGITATING DENDRITIC CELLS

Front 84

what do plasmacytoid DC do

Back 84

not important in antigen presentation
GENERATE A LARGE AMOUNT OF INTERFERONS IN RESPONSE TO VIRUS INFECTION (IF-alpha/IF-beta)

Front 85

where are FDC found

Back 85

in germinal centers in 2ndary follicles

Front 86

where does the antigen that FDC display come from

Back 86

lymph

Front 87

what receptors do FDC have

Back 87

C3bR FcR

Front 88

what do FDC display

Back 88

B cells only

Front 89

what are FDC required for

Back 89

maintain antigen for long term stimulation of B cells

Front 90

what receptors do Dendritic cells have

Back 90

PRR/TLR/cytokin receptors

Front 91

what can Dendritic cells respond to

Back 91

cytokins released from WBC, signals released from pathogens (PRR/TLR)

Front 92

what activates Dendritic cells

Back 92

microbial products or proinflammatory cytokines (these indicate danger)

Front 93

what do activated Dendritic cells have

Back 93

high levels of MHC/costimulators/ and adhesion molecules