Cells And Their Functions

Front 1

Organelles

Back 1

"little organs" preform special functions for the cells

Front 2

nucleus

Back 2

largest organelle in the center of the cell "control center"

Front 3

nucleolus

Back 3

"little nucleus" inside the nucleus, assembles ribosomes

Front 4

cytoplasm

Back 4

material that fills the nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane

Front 5

cytosol

Back 5

liquid part of the cytoplasm: a suspension of nutrients, materials, enzymes and others in water

Front 6

endoplasmic reticulum

Back 6

network of membranes located between the nuclear membrane and the plasma membrane

Front 7

Rough ER

Back 7

gritty uneven surface of the endoplasmic reticulum

Front 8

Smooth ER

Back 8

Even surface of the endoplasmic reticulum

Front 9

ribosomes

Back 9

attached to the rough ER or floating in the cytoplasm; make proteins

Front 10

Mitochondria

Back 10

"power plant" of the cell, lg organelles that convert nutrients to energy for the cell

Front 11

golgi apparatus

Back 11

"complex" stack of membranous sacs that modify proteins and package them for export

Front 12

lysosomes

Back 12

remove waste & foreign materials from the cell

Front 13

peroxisomes

Back 13

destroy harmful substances produced in metabolism

Front 14

vesicles

Back 14

used for storage; can help move materials into or out of the cell

Front 15

centrioles

Back 15

rod-shaped bodies near the nucleus that help in cell division

Front 16

cilia

Back 16

small, hairlike projections, that wave creating movement of the fluids around the cell

Front 17

genes

Back 17

carry the message for the development of certain traits

Front 18

deoxyribonucleic DNA

Back 18

organic chemical that makes up chromosomes

Front 19

Nucleotides

Back 19

the subunits that make up DNA

Front 20

ribonucleic acid RNA

Back 20

helps in protein synthesis but does is not part of the chromosomes

Front 21

double helix

Back 21

doubled strands of DNA that coil into a spiral

Front 22

Cell's master blueprint

Back 22

DNA, all enzymes are protein and enzymes are important for cellular reactions

Front 23

transcription

Back 23

copies

Front 24

translation

Back 24

genetic message contained in mRNA is decoded to build amino acids into the long chains that form proteins

Front 25

somatic cells

Back 25

cells that divide by mitosis

Front 26

interphase

Back 26

the stage in a cells life between one mitosis and the next

Front 27

Stages of Mitosis

Back 27

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Front 28

prophase

Back 28

DNA returns to a spiral, nucleus and nucleus membrane begin to disappear, 2 centrioles move toward opposite ends of the cell. spindle shaped fibers begin to form between them

Front 29

metaphase

Back 29

chromosomes line up in the center attached to the spindle fibers

Front 30

anaphase

Back 30

centromere splits & duplicated chromosomes separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell

Front 31

interphase

Back 31

membrane appears around each group of separated chromosomes , forming 2 new nuclei

Front 32

semipermeable

Back 32

it is passable to some molecules but impassable to others

Front 33

passive

Back 33

movement through the plasma membrane that does not require energy by the cell

Front 34

diffusion

Back 34

constant movement of particles from a region of relatively higher concentration to one of lower concentration

Front 35

osmosis

Back 35

special type of diffusion; diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane

Front 36

filtration

Back 36

passage of water and materials through a membrane as a result of mechanical force on one side

Front 37

facilitated diffusion

Back 37

movement of materials across the plasma membrane in the direction of concentration gradient w/the use of transporters to speed it along

Front 38

active transport

Back 38

ability to move particles or materials into or out of the cell opposite which they would normally flow

Front 39

transporters

Back 39

proteins that move particles

Front 40

selectively permeable

Back 40

regulates what can or can't enter the cell "bouncers or doormen"

Front 41

bulk/vesicular transport

Back 41

small sacs or vesicles that move large amounts of materials in or out of the cell

Front 42

endocytosis

Back 42

bulk movement of material INTO a cell

Front 43

phagocytosis

Back 43

lg particles are engulfed by the plasma membrane & moved into the cell

Front 44

pinocytosis

Back 44

plasma membrane engulfs drops of fluids

Front 45

exosytosis

Back 45

cell moves materials out in vesicles

Front 46

osmotic pressure

Back 46

tendency of a solution to pull water into it

Front 47

isotonic solution

Back 47

same concentration of dissolved substances on both sides of the cell membrane

Front 48

hypotonic solution

Back 48

solution that is less concentrated, more water then what is intracellular

Front 49

hypertonic

Back 49

the solution is more concentrated so more water goes out

Front 50

Intracellular

Back 50

inside the cell

Front 51

Intercellular

Back 51

in between the cells

Front 52

interstitial

Back 52

tissue fluid, in between tissue cells

Front 53

cytology

Back 53

study of cells