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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do all living things need |
Water, exchange of gases, shelter, food |
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Adaptation |
When an organism changes physically and behaviour lyrics to suit their environment they live in |
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Organism |
A living thing |
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6 characteristics of living things |
- made of cells - needs energy - grow and develop - respond to the environment - reproduce - have adaptations for thier environment |
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Structures of the circulatory system |
- heart - arteries - veins - capillaries - blood |
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Structures of the respiratory system |
- nose - mouth - trachea - diaphragm - bronchi - lungs |
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Structures of the digestive system |
- salivary glands - mouth - esophagus - stomach - liver - pancreas - gall bladder - small intestine - large intestine |
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Structures of the nervous system |
- brain - spinal cord - nerves - sensing organs
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Structures of the excretory system |
- kidneys - bladder - lungs - skin - liver |
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Functions of the circulatory system |
- transport oxygen, food, and other substances throughout the body - transport some wastes to other organs for elimination - defend the body against diseases - connect all other organizations systems |
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Functions of the respiratory system |
- transport oxygen from the outside air to the blood - transport carbon dioxide from the blood to the outside air |
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Functions of the digestive system |
- break down food pieces into much smaller pieces so that can be absorbed and transported throughout the body |
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Functions of the nervous system |
- coordinate and control the actions of all organs and organ systems - detect, process, and respond to changes in external and internal environments |
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Functions of the excretory system |
- remove chemical and gaseous wastes from the blood |
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What is the main function of the excretory system |
To clean the blood from urea |
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Cells |
The basic unit for life |
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Tissues |
Group of simular cells working together to perform a specific function |
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Organs |
Group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function |
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Organ system |
Group of organs that work together to perform a certain task |
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Structures of an animal cell |
- nucleus - mitochondria - cell membrane - vacuoles - cytoplasm |
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Structures of a plant cell |
- nucleus - mitochondria - cell membrane - vacuoles - cytoplasm - cell wall - chloroplasts
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Function of a nucleus |
Directs all cellular activities such as movement |
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Function of a mitochondria |
Chemical reactions occur that convert the energy the cell receives into a form it can use |
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Function of a cell membrane |
Lets needed materials in and waste materials out |
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Function of a vacuoles |
Stores nutrients, water, or other substances |
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Function of a cytoplasm |
Contains the nutrients required by the cell to maintain its life processes |
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Function of a cell wall |
Provides strength and support to plants |
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Chloroplasts |
Carry out photosynthesis, converting the sun's energy into food for the cell |
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Organelles |
Structures in cells that preform a certain function |
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How does an amoeba moves around |
Pseudopods |
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How do parameciums move |
Hair-like structures called cilia |
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Diffusion |
The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
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Selectively permeable membrane |
To let certain substances in and dangerous ones out |
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Osmosis |
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
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4 types of tissues |
- connective - nervous - epithelial - muscle tissue |
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Connective tissue |
Supports and connects different parts of the body Eg. Blood, fat, cartilage, bones, anf tendons |
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Nervous tissue |
Makes up the brain,spinal cord, and nerves |
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Epithelial tissue |
Covers the surface of your body and the outside of your organs. It also lines the inside of some of your organs |
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Muscle tissue |
Allows you to move |
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Types of blood cells |
- red - white - platelets - plasma |
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Red blood cells |
Carries oxygen |
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White blood cells |
Specialized to fight infection |
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Platelets |
Help stop bleeding |
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Plasma |
The liquid portion of the blood, transports nutrients to your cells and carries wastes, such as carbon dioxide, away |
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Which blood cell makes up most of the blood in our body |
Plasma 55% All others 45% |
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3 of our energy sources |
- carbohydrates (sugars and starches) - proteins - lipids (fats) |
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2 types of digestion |
- chemical - mechanical |
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Chemical digestion |
Breakdown of large food particles into smaller particles by enzymes |
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Mechanical digestion |
Physical breakdown of food Into small particles |
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Esophagus |
Tube that carries food to the stomach |
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Epiglottis |
Flap of skin at the back of our throat that directs food to the esophagus |
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Peristalsis |
Wave-like muscle contractions along the digestive system |
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What makes up the gastric jucies |
- mucus - hydrochloric acid - water - digestive enzymes |
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Why does the stomach churns the food |
The food breaks down because of the digestive enzymes making it easier to be releases into the small intestine |
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Process of bile |
The liver produces bile which is stored in the gallery bladder. It is then sent to the small intestine |
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The small intestine |
- finger-like projections called villi cover the internal surface, increasing the surface area of intestine to aid in absorbing nutrients. - 6 meters long |
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How are the nutrients get absorbed into the blood from the digestive system |
Food molecules get absorbed by the epithelial tissue. Blood vessels Ie just below the epithelial tissue, and the nutrients are transferred to the blood streamm |
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Order of digestion |
- chemical and mechanical digestion - epiglottis - esophagus - stomach - pancreas - liver - gall bladder - small intestine - large intestine - rectum |
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Function of the large intestine |
Absorbs water, some vitamins, and minerals. Any food that have not been digested are formed into feces, which is collected in the retum |
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Pancreas |
Sends digestive enzymes into the small intestine and brakes down carbs |
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Trachea |
Windpipe |
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Bronchi |
Two main branches of the trachea that lead into the lungs |
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Bronchioles |
Tubes that connect the bronchi to the air sacs in the lungs |
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Alveoli |
Tiny air filled sacs in the lungs;site of gas exchange |
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Capillaries |
Tiny blood vessels that connect arteries to veins; one cell layer thick and extremely narrow |
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Process of breathing in the alveoli |
The air in the alveoli has a high concentration of oxygen and a low concentration of carbon dioxide. The blood in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli has a low concentration of oxygen and a high concentration of oxygen. So oxygen and carbon dioxide naturally diffuses |
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Why is the heart considered 2 pumps |
Each side has to do different jobs |
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What's the job of the right and left side of the heart |
- To pump blood to your lungs - pump blood to the rest of the body |
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What's the name for the top part of the heart |
Atrium |
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What's the bottom chamber of the heart called |
Ventricle |
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Veins |
Blood vessels that returned blood from the body to the heart |
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Arteries |
Thick walled blood vessels that take blood away from the heart to the rest of the body |
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Purpose of capillaries |
Use the process of diffusion to help transport oxygen from your blood into your cells and carbon dioxide from your cells into your blood |
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2 adaptations of capillaries |
- made of specialized epithelial tissue that is only one cell thick - they are very narrow so that the blood cells must pass through in a single single file |
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What is unique about the organs used by the excretory system |
It uses organs from other systems |
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A waste produced by the cells |
Ammonia |
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What does the liver do in the excretory system |
It coverts ammonia into urea |
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that's the main organ of the excretory system |
Kidneys |
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Kidneys |
Strains unwanted urea, water, and other salts and produces urine. It filters everydrop of blood 300 times a day |
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What vessel transport blood to the kidneys |
Renal artery |
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Which structure filters the blood in the kidneys |
Nephrons |
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What structure takes urine from the kidneys to the bladder |
Ureter |
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Where is the urine stored |
The bladder |
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What structure is responsible for taking urine from the bladder |
Urethra |
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Two reasons the body produces sweat |
- keep you cool - remove excess salt from your blood |
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How can urine analysis help detect kidney failure |
Certain diseases can affect how the kidneys function and this will show up in the urine. When someone has protein in their urine it means they have kidney failure |
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How can you tell someone has diabetes |
Someone who have diabetes will have glucose I'm their urine. Their cells cannot absorb glucose so it then builds up in the bloodstream. |
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Dialysis |
Machine used on people who's kidneys don't function well and removes all waste from the blood that a kidney normally would |
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Superior vena cava |
Major vein from upper body to heart |
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Inferior vena cava |
Major vein from lower body to heart |
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Right atrium |
Receives blood low in oxygen from the body and pumps it into the right ventricle |
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Right ventricle |
Pumps blood to the lungs |
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Left atrium |
Receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it into the left ventricle |
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Left ventricle |
Pumps blood to the aorta |
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Aorta |
Carries blood from left ventricle to the body |
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Pomanary artery |
Brings deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs |
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Pomanary vein |
Brings oxygenated blood from the lungs into the heart |
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What is a stimulus? How do they occur |
A stimulus is a change in your environment, they can occur in may different forms, such as changes in pressure |
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Internal stimulas |
A change in the inside of your body |
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External stimulus |
Change in an environment, outside your body |
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Why is the nervous system so different from other systems |
It is made up of only one tissue, the nervous tissue |
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Neurons |
A specialized cells that make up the nervous tissue and sends and receives messages |
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Dendrites |
Small branches of a neuron that receives information from neighbouring cells |
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Axon |
Long extension of a neurons cell body that transmits information to neighbouring cells |
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2 main parts of the nervous system |
- central and peripheral - brain and spinal cord |
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Two Types of neurons that make up the peripheral nervous system |
Somatic (voluntary) Autonomic (involuntary) |
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What's the largest sense organ |
Skin |
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Refex |
Automatic response to a stimulus; happens very quickly and without conscious control |
