Cells And Systems

Front 1

nucleous

Back 1

-"brain"

-contains genetic material

-controls the activity in the cell

Front 2

cytoplasm

Back 2

-distributes oxygen through cell

-jelly like substance

Front 3

cell membrane

Back 3

-"skin"

-protects and controls movement of the cell

-semi-permeable

Front 4

endo plasmic reticulum (er)

Back 4

-distributes lipids and proteins through an interconnected series of canals in the cell

-rynosomes are only found on the rough parts and make proteins

Front 5

mitocondria

Back 5

-"power house"

-breaks down oxygen and glucose for fuel for the cell

Front 6

chloroplast

Back 6

-structure where photosynthesis takes place

-only found in plant cells

-what enables a plant to make chlrolophil

Front 7

vacuole

Back 7

-stores waste and food

-"storage space"

Front 8

cell wall

Back 8

-provides support for plant cell

Front 9

vesicle

Back 9

-transports lipids and lysomes

-only in animal cells

Front 10

golgi apparatus

Back 10

-processes and packages proteins, lipids and lysomes

-only in an animal cell

Front 11

lysosomes

Back 11

-digest food particles, invaders and old organelles

Front 12

eyepiece/ocular lens

Back 12

-the part you look through

Front 13

tube

Back 13

-holds eyepiece and objective lens at a proper working distance

Front 14

revolving nosepiece

Back 14

-rotating disk holds 2 or more objective lenses

-turn it to change lenses

Front 15

tube

Back 15

-holds eyepiece and objective lens at a proper working distance

Front 16

objective lens

Back 16

-magnifies the object being viewed

Front 17

fine-adjustment knob

Back 17

-medium and high power magnification to bring object into sharper focus

Front 18

coarse-adjustment knob

Back 18

-moves tube or stage up and down to bring object into focus

Front 19

stage

Back 19

-supports microscope

-hole in centre to let light in

Front 20

condenser lens

Back 20

-directs light to the object being viewed

Front 21

diffusion

Back 21

-balancing out or evening out particles in a room

Front 22

osmosis

Back 22

-selectively permeable material

-only let some materials through

-when water moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Front 23

diaphragm

Back 23

-controls the amount of light reaching the object being viewed

Front 24

light source

Back 24

-shining a light through the object being viewed makes it easier to see the details

Front 25

5 basic characteristics of all living things

Back 25

1.they need energy

2.respond and adapt to the environment

3.reproduce

4.grow

5.produce waste

Front 26

magnification

Back 26

MAG=OC x OB

total magnification=ocular lens x objective lens

Front 27

levels of organization from smallest to largest

Back 27

cell,tissue,organ,system

Front 28

organ

Back 28

-specific part of the body that preforms one main function, heart

Front 29

cell

Back 29

-basic unit of every living organism

-smallest thing scientists consider alive

-specialized cells that preform a specific function

Front 30

tissue

Back 30

-made up of groups of cells which work together to preform a function, skin

Front 31

unicellar

Back 31

-one cell organism

-small

-increases its size by growing

-single not complex

-4 types are: amoeba, paramecium, algae and bacteria

-must live in a watery environment

-paramecium-use cilia to get food

-amoeba-use pseudopods

-algae-food from sun

-bacteria-millions of different species

Front 32

multicellular

Back 32

-multi cell organism

-large

-increases its size by splitting

-complex system of cells

-there are different types of cells to do different jobs

advantages to having a multi cellular cell to a unicellular cell

-can be varied due to having specialized cells and can do more things, like walking

-can not only grow larger but also live in a wider variety of environments

-they both have the same sized cells, just multicellular cells have more

Front 33

function of the digestive system

Back 33

-system of organs that break down food, absorb nutrients and eleminate waste

Front 34

esophagus

Back 34

-long muscular tube that squeezes food down into the stomach

-tube that connects the mouth to the stomach

Front 35

gall bladder

Back 35

-stores bile

Front 36

function of the digestive system

Back 36

-system of organs that break down food, absorb nutrients and eleminate waste

Front 37

heart

Back 37

-located slightly left of the breastbone, it is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body

-strong group of muscles

Front 38

arteries

Back 38

-carry blood away from heart

-biggest vesicle

-carries oxygen (red)

-thick muscular vessels that carry blood away from the heart

-deliver oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body tissues

Front 39

capillaries

Back 39

-the smallest blood vessels

-release oxygen from blood cells

-take in waste and carbon dioxide before moving into veins

Front 40

alveoli

Back 40

-balloon-like structures where the oxygen exchange in the lungs takes place

Front 41

veins

Back 41

-thinner-walled vessels that have valves so that blood does not flow backwards

-takes oxygenated blood back to heart (blue)

Front 42

ventricles

Back 42

-chambers in the heart that pump out the blood

Front 43

artrium

Back 43

-chamber in the heart that receives the blood

Front 44

function of the respiratory system

Back 44

-moves air in and out of the body

Front 45

nose

Back 45

-a sticking out part of the face that allows air in and out for respiration

Front 46

diaphragm

Back 46

-muscle that controls the breathing process

Front 47

esophagus

Back 47

-long muscular tube that squeezes food down into the stomach

-tube that connects the mouth to the stomach

Front 48

larynx

Back 48

-also known as voice box

-hollow tubular structure about 3-4 cm across that creates sound and prevents food from entering your airway

Front 49

trachea

Back 49

-carries air to the left and right bronchus

Front 50

alevoli

Back 50

-tiny air sacs where gas exchange takes place

Front 51

bronchi

Back 51

-the main passageway into the lungs

Front 52

lungs

Back 52

-large rounded light spongy inflatable organs used to deliver oxygen to and remove carbon dioxide from your blood

Front 53

function of the nervous and endocrine system

Back 53

nervous:

-monitors condition of the body and adjusts to adapt to any changes

endocrine:

-system that produces hormones inside the body to regulate any changes that occur within

Front 54

hypothalamus

Back 54

-the section in the brain that is responsible for hormone production that control body temperature, thirst and hunger

Front 55

pituitary

Back 55

-no bigger than the size of a pea, located at the base of the brain, it secretes hormones and is considered the "master gland" of all the endocrine glands in the body

Front 56

thyroid

Back 56

-located at the neck, it releases hormones

Front 57

ardrenal

Back 57

-located at the top of each kidney and responsible for producing hormones that affect growth and development

-help regulate kidney infection

Front 58

gall bladder

Back 58

-stores bile

Front 59

reproductive organ

Back 59

-is responsible for the creation of an organism (living thing)

Front 60

pancreas

Back 60

-makes enzymes that speed up

reactions in the body

Front 61

brain (central)

Back 61

-a bundle of nerves that passes through your back bone veryebrae

Front 62

spinal cord (central)

Back 62

-connects the central nervous system to the limbs and organs

Front 63

nerves (peripheral)

Back 63

-controls the body and houses your mind

Front 64

function of the excretory system

Back 64

-removes waste from the body (in liquid form)

Front 65

lungs

Back 65

-removes CO2 from your body

Front 66

skin

Back 66

-protects your skin from damage, infection and drying out

-allows water and salt to be released from the body through

Front 67

liver

Back 67

-convert waste products into poop

Front 68

large intestines

Back 68

-make urine from waste products and excess water found in your body

Front 69

large intestine

Back 69

-absorbs water

Front 70

kidney

Back 70

-gets rid of toxins and helps regulate your blood sugar levels

-produces bile

Front 71

bladder

Back 71

-stores urine

Front 72

ureter

Back 72

-tubes that move urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Front 73

urethra

Back 73

-tube from the bladder that leads outside the body to release liquid waste

Front 74

liver

Back 74

-makes bile to break down fat

-cleanses blood and changes nutrients into forms the body can use and store

Front 75

pancreas

Back 75

-makes and releases juices into small intestine to make food nutrients less acidic

-produces insulin

Front 76

salivary glands

Back 76

-moves the food around in the mouth to help break it down and mix it with saliva

-makes saliva

Front 77

small intestine

Back 77

-digestion finishes up here and all the nutrients are absorbed into blood

Front 78

stomach

Back 78

-breaks down food

Front 79

function of the circulatory system

Back 79

-circulates blood around the body

Front 80

function of the digestive system

Back 80

-system of organs that break down food, absorb nutrients and eleminate waste

Front 81

heart

Back 81

-located slightly left of the breastbone, it is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body

-strong group of muscles

Front 82

arteries

Back 82

-carry blood away from heart

-biggest vesicle

-carries oxygen (red)

-thick muscular vessels that carry blood away from the heart

-deliver oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body tissues

Front 83

capillaries

Back 83

-the smallest blood vessels

-release oxygen from blood cells

-take in waste and carbon dioxide before moving into veins

Front 84

alveoli

Back 84

-balloon-like structures where the oxygen exchange in the lungs takes place

Front 85

veins

Back 85

-thinner-walled vessels that have valves so that blood does not flow backwards

-takes oxygenated blood back to heart (blue)

Front 86

ventricles

Back 86

-chambers in the heart that pump out the blood

Front 87

artrium

Back 87

-chamber in the heart that receives the blood

Front 88

function of the respiratory system

Back 88

-moves air in and out of the body

Front 89

nose

Back 89

-a sticking out part of the face that allows air in and out for respiration

Front 90

diaphragm

Back 90

-muscle that controls the breathing process

Front 91

esophagus

Back 91

-long muscular tube that squeezes food down into the stomach

-tube that connects the mouth to the stomach

Front 92

larynx

Back 92

-also known as voice box

-hollow tubular structure about 3-4 cm across that creates sound and prevents food from entering your airway

Front 93

trachea

Back 93

-carries air to the left and right bronchus

Front 94

alevoli

Back 94

-tiny air sacs where gas exchange takes place

Front 95

bronchi

Back 95

-the main passageway into the lungs

Front 96

lungs

Back 96

-large rounded light spongy inflatable organs used to deliver oxygen to and remove carbon dioxide from your blood

Front 97

function of the nervous and endocrine system

Back 97

nervous:

-monitors condition of the body and adjusts to adapt to any changes

endocrine:

-system that produces hormones inside the body to regulate any changes that occur within

Front 98

hypothalamus

Back 98

-the section in the brain that is responsible for hormone production that control body temperature, thirst and hunger

Front 99

pituitary

Back 99

-no bigger than the size of a pea, located at the base of the brain, it secretes hormones and is considered the "master gland" of all the endocrine glands in the body

Front 100

thyroid

Back 100

-located at the neck, it releases hormones

Front 101

ardrenal

Back 101

-located at the top of each kidney and responsible for producing hormones that affect growth and development

-help regulate kidney infection

Front 102

gall bladder

Back 102

-stores bile

Front 103

reproductive organ

Back 103

-is responsible for the creation of an organism (living thing)

Front 104

pancreas

Back 104

-makes enzymes that speed up

reactions in the body

Front 105

brain (central)

Back 105

-a bundle of nerves that passes through your back bone veryebrae

Front 106

spinal cord (central)

Back 106

-connects the central nervous system to the limbs and organs

Front 107

nerves (peripheral)

Back 107

-controls the body and houses your mind

Front 108

function of the excretory system

Back 108

-removes waste from the body (in liquid form)

Front 109

lungs

Back 109

-removes CO2 from your body

Front 110

skin

Back 110

-protects your skin from damage, infection and drying out

-allows water and salt to be released from the body through

Front 111

liver

Back 111

-convert waste products into poop

Front 112

large intestines

Back 112

-make urine from waste products and excess water found in your body

Front 113

large intestine

Back 113

-absorbs water

Front 114

kidney

Back 114

-gets rid of toxins and helps regulate your blood sugar levels

-produces bile

Front 115

bladder

Back 115

-stores urine

Front 116

ureter

Back 116

-tubes that move urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Front 117

urethra

Back 117

-tube from the bladder that leads outside the body to release liquid waste

Front 118

liver

Back 118

-makes bile to break down fat

-cleanses blood and changes nutrients into forms the body can use and store

Front 119

pancreas

Back 119

-makes and releases juices into small intestine to make food nutrients less acidic

-produces insulin

Front 120

salivary glands

Back 120

-moves the food around in the mouth to help break it down and mix it with saliva

-makes saliva

Front 121

small intestine

Back 121

-digestion finishes up here and all the nutrients are absorbed into blood

Front 122

stomach

Back 122

-breaks down food

Front 123

function of the circulatory system

Back 123

-circulates blood around the body