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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the mitochondrion? |
a double membrane surrounds the organelle, the outer one controlling the entry and exit of material. the inner membrane is folded to form extensions know as cristae. |
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what is cristae? |
are shelf like extensions of the inner membrane, some of which extend across the whole width of the mitochondrion. These provide a large surface area for the attachment of enzymes involved in respiration. |
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what is the matrix? |
makes up remainder of the mitochondrion. it is a semi rigid material containing protein, lipids and traces of DNA that allows the mitochondrion to control the making of their own proteins. The enzymes involved in respiration are found in the matrix. |
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what is the rough endoplasmic reticulum? |
has ribosomes present on the outer surfaces of the membranes. functions: 1.provide a large surface area for the synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins 2. provide pathways to transport materials, especially proteins throughout the cell. |
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what is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? |
lacks ribosomes on its surface and is often more tubular in appearance. functions: 1.synthesise, store and transport lipids 2.synthesise,store and transport carbohydrates |
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what is the golgi apparatus? |
occurs in almost all eukaryotic cells. consists of a stack of membranes that make up flattened sacs or cisternae. The proteins and lipids produced by the ER are passed through the golgi in strict sequences. Golgi modifies these proteins adding non-protein (carbs) to them. also labels them to send them to correct destinations. |
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functions of the golgi apparatus? |
1.add carbohydrates to proteins to form glycoprotiens 2. produce secretory enzymes such as those secreted by the pancreas 3.secrete carbohydrates such as those used in making cell walls in plants 4.transport, modify and store lipids 5.form lysosomes |
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what are lysosomes? |
lysosomes are formed when the vesicle produced by the golgi apparatus contain enzymes such as proteases and lipases.
functions: 1.break down material ingested by phagocytic cells (white blood cell) 2.release enzymes to the outside of the cell in order to destroy material around the cell 3.digest worn out organelles so that the useful chemicals they are made of can be re-used 4.completely break down cells after they have died |
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what are ribosomes? |
small cytoplasmic granules found in all cells. 2 types depending what cells they are found in 80s type- found in eukaryotic cells, is around 25nm in diameter 70s type- found in prokaryotic cells is slightly smaller |
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what is microvilli? |
finger like projections of the epithelial cell that increases its surface area to allow more efficient absorption |
