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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CELL THEORY |
All living things are composed of cells. The cell is the functioning unit of life. All cells come from pre-existing cells. |
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NUCLEUS |
The control centre of the cell. Contains chromosomes and DNA. |
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CELL MEMBRANE |
Controls what enters and leaves the cell. Holds everything inside. |
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CYTOPLASM |
Jelly-like material between the nucleus and the cell membrane. Holds everything in place. |
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RIBOSOMES |
Makes proteins. They appear as tiny dots within the Endoplasmic Recticulum. |
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VACUOLES |
Fluid filled structure. Can store food, proteins, broken down waste etc. Larger in plant cells. |
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CHLOROPLAST |
*only in plant cells Creates glucose (sugar). |
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MITOCHONDRIA |
Power plant of the cell. Produces energy. |
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CELL WALL |
*only in plant cells. Gives strength. Outer most layer. Prevents water loss. |
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DIFFERENCE PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS |
Plant cells have: cell walls, chloroplasts, bigger vacuoles and unlike animal cells they do not have centrioles. Animal cells have centrioles, don't have cells walls, chloroplasts and have smaller vacuoles. |
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CHROMOSOME |
Made up of DNA. Can be found within the nucleus or mitochondria. |
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DNA STRUCTURE |
Molecule that holds genetic instructions in the shape of a twisted ladder (double helix). |
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GENE |
A region of DNA that encodes a specific function. Influences traits when sexual reproduction occurs. |
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NUCLEOTIDE |
Basic structural unit and building block of DNA. Five (5) sided sugar - phosphate group. |
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BASE-PAIRS |
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine. Rungs on the DNA ladder. |
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STAGES OF MITOSIS |
Interphase, Prophase (early, middle, late), Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase. |
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INTERPHASE |
Phase of growing and working 90% of the time. |
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CYTOKINESIS |
The division of cytoplasm and organelles equally between cells. |
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MUTATIONS |
A change in the DNA or genetic code of a cell. May be harmful or beneficial or even neutral. |
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CANCER |
A disease in which cells divide rapidly and uncontrollably. Have highly visible nuclei, use up more nutrients and do no carry out normal cell functions. |
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CANCER CELLS |
Highly visible nuclei. Divide rapidly. Use up lots of nutrients Do not carry out normal cell functions. |
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BENIGN TUMOR |
Masses of cells that grow in one place. Do not disrupt the functioning of surrounding tissue. |
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MALIGNANT TUMOR |
Invade and disrupt the functioning of surrounding tissue. |
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METASTASIS |
Te spread of cancer cells from their original location. |
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TREATING CANCER |
Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation. |
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CARCINOGENS |
Cancer causing substances. Example: asbestos, x-rays, chemicals in tobacco, sunlight and some viruses. |
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ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION |
Reproduction involving only one parent. |
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BINARY FISSION |
A type of asexual reproduction when an organism divides into two equal cells. |
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BUDDING |
A type of asexual reproduction when an organism forms a growth that breaks of when ready to form a new (smaller) cell - that soon grows to full size. |
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FRAGMENTATION |
When a small part of a plant or animal breaks off and grows a new organism. |
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REGENERATION |
The ability to regrow certain parts of the body. Example - a limb |
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CLONING |
A single cell or part of an organism is used to grow a new genetically identical organism. |
