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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are Chromosomes?
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The Physcial carrier of genetic material aka Genes.
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What is the funtion of a Chromosome?
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They are transmitted by the egg and the sperm to the next generation.
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What do chromosomes consist of?
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DNA and RNA and Proteins.
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What is Chromatin?
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Necleoprotein material that stains with basic dyes
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Where is Chromatin found?
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You can find them in the necleus of eukaryotic cells and becoming organized into visible chromosomes at cell divison.
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What is Mitosis?
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A type of neclear division that results in two daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
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Start of Mitosis
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What is Prophase?
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The phase of cell division during which the chromosomes become visible.
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Phase 1
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What is Metaphase?
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The phase of cell division in which the chromosomes randomly line up in the center of the cell.
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They meet in the middle
Phase 2 |
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What is Anaphase?
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The phase of cell divison when chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell.
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Phase 3
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What is Telophase?
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The phase of cell divison in which cytokensis begins and daughter cells are formed.
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Phase 4
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What is Cytokensis?
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The formation of two new daughter cells at the end of cell divison.
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The End of Mitosis
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What are homologous pairs?
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Two chromosomes in a diploid cell that apprear nearly identical and contain the same gene but are derived from different parents.
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Chromosomes are identical
but come from different parents |
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What is Diploid?
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When a cell contains two sets of chromosomes it is said to be diploid. One set is maternal in origin and the other is paternal.
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what is a sex Chromosome?
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The chromosome that are different in males and females and that determine the sex of an organism.
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What is Locus?
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The location of a gene on a chromosome.
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What is the Human Genome Project?
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Map of all human genes to the appropriate chromosome.
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What is sexual reproduction?
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Reproduction requires gametes(sperm and eggs). The sperm unites with the egg to form a zygote.
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What is Meiosis?
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A type of neclear cell division that results in four reporductive cells, each with half the chromosome number of the parent cell. Its also referred to as reductional division.
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What is Prophase I
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The chromatin condenses into compact chromosomes and the neclear envelope disappears.
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What are Tetrads?
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A unit of four chromatids found in prophase of meiosis.
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What is Metaphase I?
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Alligned pairs of chromosomes move to the equator of the dividing cell.
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What is Anaphase I?
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Homologous pairs of chromosomes separate from each other and move to opposite sides of the cell.
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What is Telophase I?
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The chromosomes become clustered at the opposite sides of the dividing cell. Each containing one member of each homologous pair.
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What is prophase II?
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Partially unraveled chromosomes condense again.
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What is Metaphase II?
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Paired Chromatids(dyads)move to the equator of the cell. No longer homologous pairs line up singly in the middle of the cell.
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What is Anaphase II?
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Centromeres divide and chromatids separate, becoming "chromosomes" again
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Split and move to opposite sides of the cell.
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What is Telophase II?
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Cluster chromosomes begin to decondense.
Nuclear membrane developes. Cytokensis occurs. The production of four non-identical haploid cells are formed. |
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What is a Heploid cell?
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Cell that contains one set of chromosomes. The chromsomes may be either maternal or paternal in origin.
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What is Chromatin?
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Necleoprotein material that stains with basic dyes
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Where is Chromatin found?
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You can find them in the necleus of eukaryotic cells and becoming organized into visible chromosomes at cell divison.
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What is Mitosis?
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A type of neclear division that results in two daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
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Start of Mitosis
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What is Prophase?
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The phase of cell division during which the chromosomes become visible.
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Phase 1
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What is Metaphase?
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The phase of cell division in which the chromosomes randomly line up in the center of the cell.
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They meet in the middle
Phase 2 |
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What is Anaphase?
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The phase of cell divison when chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell.
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Phase 3
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What is Telophase?
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The phase of cell divison in which cytokensis begins and daughter cells are formed.
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Phase 4
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What is Cytokensis?
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The formation of two new daughter cells at the end of cell divison.
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The End of Mitosis
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What are homologous pairs?
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Two chromosomes in a diploid cell that apprear nearly identical and contain the same gene but are derived from different parents.
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Chromosomes are identical
but come from different parents |
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What is Diploid?
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When a cell contains two sets of chromosomes it is said to be diploid. One set is maternal in origin and the other is paternal.
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what is a sex Chromosome?
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The chromosome that are different in males and females and that determine the sex of an organism.
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What is a Hiploid Cell?
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Cell that contains one set of chromosomes. The chromosomes may be either maternal or paternal in orgin.
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What is the cell Cycle
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The life of cell. The sequence of events that takes place within the cell from the time it forms until it divides.
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What does metastasized mean?
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When a cell breaks free from original cancerous mass and resides in new area in the body.
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What has to happen in order to for regulation of cell cycle to happen?
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The cell must possess the right amount of protein in the cytoplasm.
These proteins must activate other proteins necessary for production of genetic material and mitosis. |
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What do the sex chromosomes contain?
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Contain genes aside from the ones that determine gender.
Ex: Eye color in fruit flies Ex2: Color blindness in humans. |
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What did Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase do?
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Labeled protein and DNA differently isotopes
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What is Telomere?
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The end of each chromosomal arm consisting of Speical DNA sequences that help to seal"chromosomes".
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