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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cells
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Basic unit of organization
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nucleus
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controls the cells activities
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cell membrane
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controls what goes in and out of the cell
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tissue
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group of similar cells performing the same function
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muscle tissue
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elongates and contracts to aid in movement
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smooth muscle
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no striations, involuntary
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striated muscle[skeletal]
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voluntary,has stripes
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cardiac muscle[heart]
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involuntary, striated and smooth
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nerve tissue
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sends and receives stimuli
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sensory neuron
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receives the stimulus
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motor neuron
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responds to the stimulus [muscles and glands]
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inter neuron
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interprets and responds to a stimulus [brain and spinal cord]
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epithelial tissue
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covers organs and is the skin
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physical characteristics of the bone
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hard, rigid, contains nerves, composed of living cells
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functions of bones
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allow movement--->anchors muscles
support body[shape] protects vital organs produces red and white blood cells stores important minerals |
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[structure of bone] epiphysis
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end of bone
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[structure of bone] diaphysis
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shaft of bone
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[structure of bone] periosteum
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thin outer covering of the bone
rich in blood cells |
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[structure of bone] compact bone
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dense and hard->not solid [air spaces called haversian canals]
lies under periosteum |
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[structure of bone] spongey bone
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found at ends of bone
contains air spaces which provide support |
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[structure of bone] marrow
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soft tissue found in bone
a. red marrow-makes red and white blood cells b. yellow marrow-stores fat[energy reserve] |
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types of bones
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1. long bones
2. short bones 3. flat bones 4. irregular bones |
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long bones
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ex: fingers, toes, femur, humerus
-absorb shock |
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short bones
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ex: wrist, ankle, knee cap
-aid in movement |
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flat bones
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ex: skull, sternum, ribs
-protect vital organs |
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irregular bones
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ex: facial bones, vertebrae
-support |
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joints
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are where 2 or more bones come together for movement
1. ball and socket 2. pivot joint 3. gliding joint 4. hinge joing 5. immovable[fixed] |
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ball and socket
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allow for circular movement [shoulder and hip]
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pivot joint
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allows 1 bone to rotate over another [vertebrae]
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gliding joint
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allows one bone to move over another [wrist and ankle]
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hinge joint
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back and forth motion [elbow and knee]
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immovable[fixed]
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little to no movement [skull, rib cage]
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cartilage
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allows for bones to mover over one another easily
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4 muscle functions
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1. allow movement
2. generate body heat 3. stabilize joints 4. maintains posture |
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3 types of muscle
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1. skeletal or striated
2. smooth muscle 3. cardiac muscle |
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skeletal muscle
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have stripes [striations]
appear as long fibers have many nuclei per cell are attached to the skeleton [bones] move skeletal muscle/move bone ender voluntary control get tired found in bundles |
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smooth muscle
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no striations
involuntary not attached to bones in linings of organs form a tight weave 1 nuclei per cell |
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cardiac muscle
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found in the wall of the heart
are voluntary countain striated and smooth muscle never get tired |
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connective tissue
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holds body together
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ligament
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connects bone to bone
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tendon
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connects bone to muscle
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muscle contraction
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1. muscle work in opposing pairs
2. major muscle groups |
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muscle work in opposing paris
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1 contracts 1 relaxes
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major muscle groups
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biceps and triceps
quadraceps and hamstrings |
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Carbohydrates [sugar]
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1. primary source of energy
2. are organic compounds [contain both hydrogen and carbon] 3. composed of 3 elements-carbon, oxygen, hydrogen 4. 2 types of carbs-complex carbs+simple carbs 5. sugar mostly end in -ose |
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2 types of carbs
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1. complex carbs are composed of many sugar molecules [have to be broken down]
-starches [grains, potatos] -cellulose [vegetebles] 2. simple carbs contain only 1 sugar molecule [readily obsorbed by body] -glucose -galactose |
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lipids [fats]
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ex:butter, oils, waxes
-are organic compounds -functions 1.insulation 2.cushions organs 3. more energy then carbs [harder to digest] |
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functions of lipids
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-insulation
-cushions organs -more energy than carbs[harder to digest] |
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Proteins
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-are organic compounds
-are composed of smaller units called amino acids -functions 1. 3rd source of energy 2. build and repare muscle tissue 3. pigments 4. hormones 5. enzymes-speed of reactions |
