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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 components of cell theory |
1. All living organisms are composed of cells 2. The cell is the basic unit of life 3. Cells arise from pre-existing cells |
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Similarities between Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells |
have ribosomes, DNA, cytoplasms, abd cell membranes. Some have flagellation |
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Differences Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells |
Eukaryotic has a nucleus but prokaryotes dont. Eukaryotes have more than one chromosome and are usually multicellular. Prokaryotes are usually unicellular and have one chromosome |
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Cell wall |
Found in plants, but not animals. They are outer layers and are strong and stiff. Functionally, they protect the cell, provide support, and allow H20, O2, and CO2 to pass in and out of the cell |
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Cell Membrane |
Both plant and animals have them. They provide protection and support, but also control the movement of materials outside and inside of the cell, creates a barrier between the cell and its environment, and maintains homeostasis |
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Nucleus |
Both plant and animal. The nucleus is large and oval shaped, and is used to control cell activities |
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Chloroplast |
Found in only plants, its green and oval, and usually contains a green pigment called chlorophyll. It is in charge of photosynthesis |
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Cytoskeleton |
Helps cells maintain shape and internal organization, and enables cells to do essential things like division and movement. |
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Centrosome |
Only found in animal cells. Main place where microtubules are organized. It also regulates the cell division cycle |
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Golgi Apparatus |
Stores and modifies proteins and prepares them for transportation. |
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Mitochondria |
The powerhouse of the cell. |
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Ribosome |
Protein production |
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Rough ER |
(Endoplasmic Reticulum) involved in some protein production, folding, quality control and dispatch. The reason it is called rough is because it is studded with Ribosomes |
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Smooth ER |
(Endoplasmic Reticulum) smooth ER is associated with the production of and with the metabolism of fats and steroid hormones. The reason it is called smooth is because its not studded with ribosomes and is usually associated with smooth, slippery fats |
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Vacuole |
Storage Bubble found in cells. They're found in both plants and animals but are much bigger in plants. They are used to store nutrients, and can even store waste products so that other cells are not contaminated |
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Vesicle |
A small structure within a cell. It is made up of fluid that is enclosed by a bilayer of lipids. They form naturally during secretion |
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What organelles do plants have that animals lack?? |
Cell wall, a large central vacuole and plastids |
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Parts of a cell membrane |
Phospholipid Phospholipid Bilayer Protein Channels Carbohydrate Chain Protein Pumps |
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Phospholipids |
They form the phospholipid bilayer |
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Protein Channels |
Link the outside and inside of cellular membranes |
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Carbohydrate Chain |
Long chains of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon molecules |
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Protein Pump |
Capable of pumping out compounds that could pose a threat to the cell |
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Diffusion |
When particles (atoms, ions, or molecules) move from an area where they are in high concentration to one with a lower concentration. Think ink in a bottle of water |
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Simple Diffusion |
A substance passes through a membrane without any help from an intermediary |
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Facilitated Diffusion |
Spontaneous passive transport of molecules or ions across a biological membrane (via specific transmembrane integral proteins) |
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Active Transport |
Movement of molecules across a cell membrane, towards areas of low concentration (diffusion) against some sort of obstacle (like a gradient) |
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Why is Active Transport Necessary?? |
It is required for the movement of substances against there concentration gradient |
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What is needed for active transport? |
The cell must use chemical energy (ATP) |
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Osmosis |
Movement of solvent molecules through a semi-permeable membrane to a place with a higher solute concentration |
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Concentration Gradient |
The gradual difference in concentration of a dissolved substance between a region of high density and one of lower density |
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Semi-permeable |
Molecules can move through it |
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Hypertonic Solution |
Solute concentration... Outside the cell > Inside the cell |
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Hypotonic Solution |
Solute concentration... Outside < Inside |
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Isotonic Solution |
Solute concentration... Outside = Inside. Allows for free movement of water across the membrane |
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Calculating Magnification on a Microscope |
Multiply the power of the objective (4X, 10X, 40X, etc.) by the power of the eyepiece (usually 10X) |
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Micrometer |
Tiny form of measurement gauged using a screw. 1000 micrometers = 1 millimeters |
