Cells

Front 1

Define Cell

Back 1

structural and functional units of all living organisms

Front 2

Define Unicellular

Back 2

consisting of a single cell

Front 3

Define Multicellular

Back 3

haveing many cells (100,000,000,000,000)

Front 4

Define Prokaryotic cells

Back 4

first types of cells to evolve (organisms that lack a nuclear membrane)

Front 5

Define Nuclear membrane

Back 5

membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a cell

Front 6

Define Bacteria

Back 6

best known and studied form of prokaryotic organisms

Front 7

Define Archaea

Back 7

recently discovered second group of prokaryotes

Front 8

Define Flagella/Pili

Back 8

proteins attached to the cells surface

Front 9

Define Cell wall

Back 9

rigid outermost cell layer found in plants and certain algae, bacteria, and fungi but characteristically absent from animal cells

Front 10

Define Plasma membrane

Back 10

a thin membrane (a double layer of lipids) enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell

Front 11

Define Cytoplasmic region

Back 11

Contains the cell genome, ribsomes and various sorts of inclusions.

Front 12

Define Cell genome

Back 12

DNA

Front 13

Define Eukaryotes

Back 13

Fungi, animals, and plants as well as some unicellular organisms.

Front 14

Define Nucleus

Back 14

Membrane-delineated compartment that houses the eukaryotic cell's DNA.

Front 15

Define Organelles

Back 15

Small structures within cells that perform dedicated functions.

Front 16

Define Cell membrane

Back 16

a form of plasma membrane.

Front 17

Define Cytoskeleton

Back 17

Important, complex, and dynamic cell component.

Front 18

Define Edocytosis

Back 18

The uptake of external organelles in place

Front 19

Define Cytoplasm

Back 19

Long fluid-filled space also called the cytosol.

Front 20

Define Cytopasmic streaming

Back 20

Process in which the cell helps break down waste products and moves material around the cell.

Front 21

Define Genes

Back 21

Discrete units that eukaryotic genetic material is divided into

Front 22

Define Nuclear genome

Back 22

Divided into 24 linear DNA molecules, each contained in a different chromosome.

Front 23

Define Mitochondrial genome

Back 23

Circular DNA molecule separate from the nuclear DNA.

Front 24

Define Nuclear envelope

Back 24

A membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.

Front 25

Define Transcribed

Back 25

Synthesized

Front 26

Define Ribosome

Back 26

Large complex composed of many molecules, including RNAs and proteins.

Front 27

Define Translation

Back 27

The process of converting a mRNA's genetic code into the exact sequence of amino acids that make up a protein.

Front 28

Define Mitochondria

Back 28

Self-replicating organelles that occur in various numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells.

Front 29

Define Cristae

Back 29

Inward folds of a cell's inner membrane.

Front 30

Define Glucose

Back 30

A less chemically complex sugar molecule that complex sugars can become when broken down.

Front 31

Define Glucose transporters

Back 31

Special molecules found in the membrane of a cell that glucose uses to enter a cell.

Front 32

Define Pyruvate

Back 32

What glucase is broken down into during glycolysis.

Front 33

Define Chloroplasts

Back 33

Similar to mitochandria but are found only in plants.

Front 34

Define Photosynthesis

Back 34

The process in which chloroplasts convert light energy from the sun into ATP.

Front 35

Define Endoplasmic recticulum

Back 35

The transport network for molecules targeted for certain modificayions and specific destinations, as compared to molecules that will float freely in the cytoplasm.

Front 36

Define Exported

Back 36

Moved out of the cell.

Front 37

Define Lysosomes and Peroxisomes

Back 37

Often ferred to as the garbage disposal system of a cell.

Front 38

Define Enzymes

Back 38

Naturally occuring proteins that speed up biochemical processes.

Front 39

Define Peroxisomal targeting signal

Back 39

Allows the protein to be taken into the organelle, where they then function to rid the cell of toxic substances.

Front 40

Define Virus

Back 40

Not classified as cells and therefore are neither unicellular nor multicellular organisms.