Cells

Front 1

Cell membrane

Back 1

Phospholipid bilayer, regulates passage of molecules

Front 2

Smooth ER

Back 2

No ribosome, intracellular transport, synthesizes lipids and detoxifies alcohol and drugs

Front 3

Rough ER

Back 3

Studded with ribosome, intracellular transport, protein synthesis

Front 4

Ribosomes

Back 4

Made of protein, proteins are synthesized at the ribosomes

Front 5

Golgi apparatus

Back 5

Not attached to nucleus, processes and packages substances produced by cell, produces vesicles and lysosomes

Front 6

Vesicles

Back 6

Stores and transports materials

Front 7

Lysosomes

Back 7

Contains digestive enzymes used for intracellular digestion, common in white blood cells

Front 8

Mitochondria

Back 8

Involved in cellular respiration

Front 9

Nucleus

Back 9

Controls cellular activities, contains chromosomes and DNA

Front 10

Nucleolus

Back 10

In nucleus, involved in production of RNA

Front 11

Nuclear envelope

Back 11

Membrane containing pores surrounding nucleus, pores allow mRNA to leave nucleus

Front 12

Chromosomes

Back 12

Made of DNA and protein, contains all of cells genetic info

Front 13

Vacuole

Back 13

Membranous sac, stores substance usually water

Front 14

Cells unity&diversity

Back 14

All cells have same organelles but have different number of organelles depending on function

Front 15

Ensymbiotic hypothesis

Back 15

Organelles began as free standing bacteria then started living together in colonies

Front 16

Diffussion

Back 16

Small molecules diffuse through phospholipid bilayer eg oxygen

Front 17

Osmosis

Back 17

Diffusion of water through semi permeable membrane

Front 18

Hypnotic solution

Back 18

Solution with lower solute concentration moves IN to the cell

Front 19

Hypertonic solution

Back 19

Solution with great solute concentration moves OUT of cell

Front 20

Isotonic solution

Back 20

Same concentration, doesn't move in or out

Front 21

Carrier transport

Back 21

Uses protein carrier, 2 types

Front 22

Facilitated diffusion (transport)

Back 22

High->low concentration, no energy

Front 23

Active transport

Back 23

Low to high concentration, requires energy

Front 24

Exocytosis/endocytosis

Back 24

Ingestion of large molecules by vesicles

Front 25

Metabolism

Back 25

Sum of all chemical reactions in body

Front 26

Enzymes

Back 26

Protein molecules that lower energy required for reaction to occur, all enzymes have optimum Ph

Front 27

Lock and key model

Back 27

Substrate enters active site then enzyme slightly Changes shape and substrate leaves, heat/Ph will change shape of active site

Front 28

Optimum

Back 28

Optimum Ph level, top of graph

Front 29

Denaturing

Back 29

When enzyme will no longer function

Front 30

Enzyme facts

Back 30

They are specific - one for every reaction, not used up in reaction, reactions occur in pathways

Front 31

Chromosome

Back 31

Made of DNA and protein, found in nucleus

Front 32

Gene

Back 32

Segment of chromosome that determines a trait

Front 33

4 bases

Back 33

Guanine, cytosine, adenine, thymine

Front 34

Nucleotide

Back 34

Both DNA and rna are made of nucleotides, molecular complex made of sugar, phosphate, and a base

Front 35

Structure of DNA

Back 35

-chain of nucleotides join together

-get a sugar-phosphate backbone

-complimentary base pairing

-Double strand twists to form double helix (stands held together by hydrogen bonds

Front 36

DNA

Back 36

Contains genetic information necessary for life and growth. Controls cells and replicates. Replication is necessary so every cell has dna

Front 37

Watson and Crick

Back 37

Tried to figure out why dna twisted but instead figured out base pairing.

Front 38

Difference between prokaryotic and eukarytic cells

Back 38

Eukarytic cells have a nucleus and organelles prokaryotic does not and only has ribosomes